diff --git a/packages/babel-helper-module-transforms/src/index.js b/packages/babel-helper-module-transforms/src/index.js
index f6345b6fe1..186f1ad3be 100644
--- a/packages/babel-helper-module-transforms/src/index.js
+++ b/packages/babel-helper-module-transforms/src/index.js
@@ -61,7 +61,7 @@ export function rewriteModuleStatementsAndPrepareHeader(
   }
 
   // Create all of the statically known named exports.
-  headers.push(...buildExportInitializationStatements(path, meta));
+  headers.push(...buildExportInitializationStatements(path, meta, loose));
 
   return { meta, headers };
 }
@@ -111,6 +111,7 @@ export function wrapInterop(
 export function buildNamespaceInitStatements(
   metadata: ModuleMetadata,
   sourceMetadata: SourceModuleMetadata,
+  loose: boolean = false,
 ) {
   const statements = [];
 
@@ -136,7 +137,11 @@ export function buildNamespaceInitStatements(
     );
   }
   if (sourceMetadata.reexportAll) {
-    const statement = buildNamespaceReexport(metadata, sourceMetadata.name);
+    const statement = buildNamespaceReexport(
+      metadata,
+      sourceMetadata.name,
+      loose,
+    );
     statement.loc = sourceMetadata.reexportAll.loc;
 
     // Iterate props creating getter for each prop.
@@ -166,26 +171,35 @@ function buildESModuleHeader(
 /**
  * Create a re-export initialization loop for a specific imported namespace.
  */
-function buildNamespaceReexport(metadata, namespace) {
-  return template.statement`
-    Object.keys(NAMESPACE).forEach(function(key) {
-      if (key === "default" || key === "__esModule") return;
-      VERIFY_NAME_LIST;
+function buildNamespaceReexport(metadata, namespace, loose) {
+  return (loose
+    ? template.statement`
+        Object.keys(NAMESPACE).forEach(function(key) {
+          if (key === "default" || key === "__esModule") return;
+          VERIFY_NAME_LIST;
 
-      Object.defineProperty(EXPORTS, key, {
-        enumerable: true,
-        get: function() {
-          return NAMESPACE[key];
-        },
-      });
-    });
-  `({
+          EXPORTS[key] = NAMESPACE[key];
+        });
+      `
+    : template.statement`
+        Object.keys(NAMESPACE).forEach(function(key) {
+          if (key === "default" || key === "__esModule") return;
+          VERIFY_NAME_LIST;
+
+          Object.defineProperty(EXPORTS, key, {
+            enumerable: true,
+            get: function() {
+              return NAMESPACE[key];
+            },
+          });
+        });
+    `)({
     NAMESPACE: namespace,
     EXPORTS: metadata.exportName,
     VERIFY_NAME_LIST: metadata.exportNameListName
       ? template`
-          if (Object.prototype.hasOwnProperty.call(EXPORTS_LIST, key)) return;
-        `({ EXPORTS_LIST: metadata.exportNameListName })
+            if (Object.prototype.hasOwnProperty.call(EXPORTS_LIST, key)) return;
+          `({ EXPORTS_LIST: metadata.exportNameListName })
       : null,
   });
 }
@@ -239,6 +253,7 @@ function buildExportNameListDeclaration(
 function buildExportInitializationStatements(
   programPath: NodePath,
   metadata: ModuleMetadata,
+  loose: boolean = false,
 ) {
   const initStatements = [];
 
@@ -257,14 +272,16 @@ function buildExportInitializationStatements(
   for (const data of metadata.source.values()) {
     for (const [exportName, importName] of data.reexports) {
       initStatements.push(
-        template`
-          Object.defineProperty(EXPORTS, "EXPORT_NAME", {
-            enumerable: true,
-            get: function() {
-              return NAMESPACE.IMPORT_NAME;
-            },
-          });
-        `({
+        (loose
+          ? template.statement`EXPORTS.EXPORT_NAME = NAMESPACE.IMPORT_NAME;`
+          : template`
+            Object.defineProperty(EXPORTS, "EXPORT_NAME", {
+              enumerable: true,
+              get: function() {
+                return NAMESPACE.IMPORT_NAME;
+              },
+            });
+          `)({
           EXPORTS: metadata.exportName,
           EXPORT_NAME: exportName,
           NAMESPACE: data.name,
diff --git a/packages/babel-plugin-transform-modules-amd/src/index.js b/packages/babel-plugin-transform-modules-amd/src/index.js
index 8e202a9f47..6739394202 100644
--- a/packages/babel-plugin-transform-modules-amd/src/index.js
+++ b/packages/babel-plugin-transform-modules-amd/src/index.js
@@ -68,7 +68,9 @@ export default function({ types: t }, options) {
               }
             }
 
-            headers.push(...buildNamespaceInitStatements(meta, metadata));
+            headers.push(
+              ...buildNamespaceInitStatements(meta, metadata, loose),
+            );
           }
 
           ensureStatementsHoisted(headers);
diff --git a/packages/babel-plugin-transform-modules-amd/test/fixtures/loose/export-default-10/actual.js b/packages/babel-plugin-transform-modules-amd/test/fixtures/loose/export-default-10/actual.js
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..f0fe347f9e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/packages/babel-plugin-transform-modules-amd/test/fixtures/loose/export-default-10/actual.js
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+export default (function(){return "foo"})();
diff --git a/packages/babel-plugin-transform-modules-amd/test/fixtures/loose/export-default-10/expected.js b/packages/babel-plugin-transform-modules-amd/test/fixtures/loose/export-default-10/expected.js
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..5f8433004f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/packages/babel-plugin-transform-modules-amd/test/fixtures/loose/export-default-10/expected.js
@@ -0,0 +1,12 @@
+define(["exports"], function (_exports) {
+  "use strict";
+
+  _exports.__esModule = true;
+  _exports.default = void 0;
+
+  var _default = function () {
+    return "foo";
+  }();
+
+  _exports.default = _default;
+});
diff --git a/packages/babel-plugin-transform-modules-amd/test/fixtures/loose/export-default-2/actual.js b/packages/babel-plugin-transform-modules-amd/test/fixtures/loose/export-default-2/actual.js
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..ff8b4c5632
--- /dev/null
+++ b/packages/babel-plugin-transform-modules-amd/test/fixtures/loose/export-default-2/actual.js
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+export default {};
diff --git a/packages/babel-plugin-transform-modules-amd/test/fixtures/loose/export-default-2/expected.js b/packages/babel-plugin-transform-modules-amd/test/fixtures/loose/export-default-2/expected.js
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..b0ddbf03cf
--- /dev/null
+++ b/packages/babel-plugin-transform-modules-amd/test/fixtures/loose/export-default-2/expected.js
@@ -0,0 +1,8 @@
+define(["exports"], function (_exports) {
+  "use strict";
+
+  _exports.__esModule = true;
+  _exports.default = void 0;
+  var _default = {};
+  _exports.default = _default;
+});
diff --git a/packages/babel-plugin-transform-modules-amd/test/fixtures/loose/export-default-3/actual.js b/packages/babel-plugin-transform-modules-amd/test/fixtures/loose/export-default-3/actual.js
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..d6d1738de6
--- /dev/null
+++ b/packages/babel-plugin-transform-modules-amd/test/fixtures/loose/export-default-3/actual.js
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+export default [];
diff --git a/packages/babel-plugin-transform-modules-amd/test/fixtures/loose/export-default-3/expected.js b/packages/babel-plugin-transform-modules-amd/test/fixtures/loose/export-default-3/expected.js
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..55ea7b7e9b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/packages/babel-plugin-transform-modules-amd/test/fixtures/loose/export-default-3/expected.js
@@ -0,0 +1,8 @@
+define(["exports"], function (_exports) {
+  "use strict";
+
+  _exports.__esModule = true;
+  _exports.default = void 0;
+  var _default = [];
+  _exports.default = _default;
+});
diff --git a/packages/babel-plugin-transform-modules-amd/test/fixtures/loose/export-default-4/actual.js b/packages/babel-plugin-transform-modules-amd/test/fixtures/loose/export-default-4/actual.js
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..f7b318b3f6
--- /dev/null
+++ b/packages/babel-plugin-transform-modules-amd/test/fixtures/loose/export-default-4/actual.js
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+export default foo;
diff --git a/packages/babel-plugin-transform-modules-amd/test/fixtures/loose/export-default-4/expected.js b/packages/babel-plugin-transform-modules-amd/test/fixtures/loose/export-default-4/expected.js
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..1f408ed17a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/packages/babel-plugin-transform-modules-amd/test/fixtures/loose/export-default-4/expected.js
@@ -0,0 +1,8 @@
+define(["exports"], function (_exports) {
+  "use strict";
+
+  _exports.__esModule = true;
+  _exports.default = void 0;
+  var _default = foo;
+  _exports.default = _default;
+});
diff --git a/packages/babel-plugin-transform-modules-amd/test/fixtures/loose/export-default-5/actual.js b/packages/babel-plugin-transform-modules-amd/test/fixtures/loose/export-default-5/actual.js
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..ea9b101e1c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/packages/babel-plugin-transform-modules-amd/test/fixtures/loose/export-default-5/actual.js
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+export default function () {}
diff --git a/packages/babel-plugin-transform-modules-amd/test/fixtures/loose/export-default-5/expected.js b/packages/babel-plugin-transform-modules-amd/test/fixtures/loose/export-default-5/expected.js
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..4b6bad049a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/packages/babel-plugin-transform-modules-amd/test/fixtures/loose/export-default-5/expected.js
@@ -0,0 +1,8 @@
+define(["exports"], function (_exports) {
+  "use strict";
+
+  _exports.__esModule = true;
+  _exports.default = _default;
+
+  function _default() {}
+});
diff --git a/packages/babel-plugin-transform-modules-amd/test/fixtures/loose/export-default-6/actual.js b/packages/babel-plugin-transform-modules-amd/test/fixtures/loose/export-default-6/actual.js
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..a6e68e9838
--- /dev/null
+++ b/packages/babel-plugin-transform-modules-amd/test/fixtures/loose/export-default-6/actual.js
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+export default class {}
diff --git a/packages/babel-plugin-transform-modules-amd/test/fixtures/loose/export-default-6/expected.js b/packages/babel-plugin-transform-modules-amd/test/fixtures/loose/export-default-6/expected.js
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..50177c9b92
--- /dev/null
+++ b/packages/babel-plugin-transform-modules-amd/test/fixtures/loose/export-default-6/expected.js
@@ -0,0 +1,10 @@
+define(["exports"], function (_exports) {
+  "use strict";
+
+  _exports.__esModule = true;
+  _exports.default = void 0;
+
+  class _default {}
+
+  _exports.default = _default;
+});
diff --git a/packages/babel-plugin-transform-modules-amd/test/fixtures/loose/export-default-7/actual.js b/packages/babel-plugin-transform-modules-amd/test/fixtures/loose/export-default-7/actual.js
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..4389e1a496
--- /dev/null
+++ b/packages/babel-plugin-transform-modules-amd/test/fixtures/loose/export-default-7/actual.js
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+export default function foo () {}
diff --git a/packages/babel-plugin-transform-modules-amd/test/fixtures/loose/export-default-7/expected.js b/packages/babel-plugin-transform-modules-amd/test/fixtures/loose/export-default-7/expected.js
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..12a1250264
--- /dev/null
+++ b/packages/babel-plugin-transform-modules-amd/test/fixtures/loose/export-default-7/expected.js
@@ -0,0 +1,8 @@
+define(["exports"], function (_exports) {
+  "use strict";
+
+  _exports.__esModule = true;
+  _exports.default = foo;
+
+  function foo() {}
+});
diff --git a/packages/babel-plugin-transform-modules-amd/test/fixtures/loose/export-default-8/actual.js b/packages/babel-plugin-transform-modules-amd/test/fixtures/loose/export-default-8/actual.js
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..7804111002
--- /dev/null
+++ b/packages/babel-plugin-transform-modules-amd/test/fixtures/loose/export-default-8/actual.js
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+export default class Foo {}
diff --git a/packages/babel-plugin-transform-modules-amd/test/fixtures/loose/export-default-8/expected.js b/packages/babel-plugin-transform-modules-amd/test/fixtures/loose/export-default-8/expected.js
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..874e57503c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/packages/babel-plugin-transform-modules-amd/test/fixtures/loose/export-default-8/expected.js
@@ -0,0 +1,10 @@
+define(["exports"], function (_exports) {
+  "use strict";
+
+  _exports.__esModule = true;
+  _exports.default = void 0;
+
+  class Foo {}
+
+  _exports.default = Foo;
+});
diff --git a/packages/babel-plugin-transform-modules-amd/test/fixtures/loose/export-default-9/actual.js b/packages/babel-plugin-transform-modules-amd/test/fixtures/loose/export-default-9/actual.js
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..f52d2a9030
--- /dev/null
+++ b/packages/babel-plugin-transform-modules-amd/test/fixtures/loose/export-default-9/actual.js
@@ -0,0 +1,2 @@
+var foo;
+export { foo as default };
diff --git a/packages/babel-plugin-transform-modules-amd/test/fixtures/loose/export-default-9/expected.js b/packages/babel-plugin-transform-modules-amd/test/fixtures/loose/export-default-9/expected.js
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..1d7e8f7d6f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/packages/babel-plugin-transform-modules-amd/test/fixtures/loose/export-default-9/expected.js
@@ -0,0 +1,8 @@
+define(["exports"], function (_exports) {
+  "use strict";
+
+  _exports.__esModule = true;
+  _exports.default = void 0;
+  var foo;
+  _exports.default = foo;
+});
diff --git a/packages/babel-plugin-transform-modules-amd/test/fixtures/loose/export-default/actual.js b/packages/babel-plugin-transform-modules-amd/test/fixtures/loose/export-default/actual.js
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..7a4e8a723a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/packages/babel-plugin-transform-modules-amd/test/fixtures/loose/export-default/actual.js
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+export default 42;
diff --git a/packages/babel-plugin-transform-modules-amd/test/fixtures/loose/export-default/expected.js b/packages/babel-plugin-transform-modules-amd/test/fixtures/loose/export-default/expected.js
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..d4b85ce198
--- /dev/null
+++ b/packages/babel-plugin-transform-modules-amd/test/fixtures/loose/export-default/expected.js
@@ -0,0 +1,8 @@
+define(["exports"], function (_exports) {
+  "use strict";
+
+  _exports.__esModule = true;
+  _exports.default = void 0;
+  var _default = 42;
+  _exports.default = _default;
+});
diff --git a/packages/babel-plugin-transform-modules-amd/test/fixtures/loose/export-from-2/actual.js b/packages/babel-plugin-transform-modules-amd/test/fixtures/loose/export-from-2/actual.js
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..83b7b67c51
--- /dev/null
+++ b/packages/babel-plugin-transform-modules-amd/test/fixtures/loose/export-from-2/actual.js
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+export {foo} from "foo";
diff --git a/packages/babel-plugin-transform-modules-amd/test/fixtures/loose/export-from-2/expected.js b/packages/babel-plugin-transform-modules-amd/test/fixtures/loose/export-from-2/expected.js
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..36a7d9081e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/packages/babel-plugin-transform-modules-amd/test/fixtures/loose/export-from-2/expected.js
@@ -0,0 +1,6 @@
+define(["exports", "foo"], function (_exports, _foo) {
+  "use strict";
+
+  _exports.__esModule = true;
+  _exports.foo = _foo.foo;
+});
diff --git a/packages/babel-plugin-transform-modules-amd/test/fixtures/loose/export-from-3/actual.js b/packages/babel-plugin-transform-modules-amd/test/fixtures/loose/export-from-3/actual.js
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..35c2762a29
--- /dev/null
+++ b/packages/babel-plugin-transform-modules-amd/test/fixtures/loose/export-from-3/actual.js
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+export {foo, bar} from "foo";
diff --git a/packages/babel-plugin-transform-modules-amd/test/fixtures/loose/export-from-3/expected.js b/packages/babel-plugin-transform-modules-amd/test/fixtures/loose/export-from-3/expected.js
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..8e2a65f922
--- /dev/null
+++ b/packages/babel-plugin-transform-modules-amd/test/fixtures/loose/export-from-3/expected.js
@@ -0,0 +1,7 @@
+define(["exports", "foo"], function (_exports, _foo) {
+  "use strict";
+
+  _exports.__esModule = true;
+  _exports.foo = _foo.foo;
+  _exports.bar = _foo.bar;
+});
diff --git a/packages/babel-plugin-transform-modules-amd/test/fixtures/loose/export-from-4/actual.js b/packages/babel-plugin-transform-modules-amd/test/fixtures/loose/export-from-4/actual.js
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..9fff903bd9
--- /dev/null
+++ b/packages/babel-plugin-transform-modules-amd/test/fixtures/loose/export-from-4/actual.js
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+export {foo as bar} from "foo";
diff --git a/packages/babel-plugin-transform-modules-amd/test/fixtures/loose/export-from-4/expected.js b/packages/babel-plugin-transform-modules-amd/test/fixtures/loose/export-from-4/expected.js
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..67d4ff8925
--- /dev/null
+++ b/packages/babel-plugin-transform-modules-amd/test/fixtures/loose/export-from-4/expected.js
@@ -0,0 +1,6 @@
+define(["exports", "foo"], function (_exports, _foo) {
+  "use strict";
+
+  _exports.__esModule = true;
+  _exports.bar = _foo.foo;
+});
diff --git a/packages/babel-plugin-transform-modules-amd/test/fixtures/loose/export-from-5/actual.js b/packages/babel-plugin-transform-modules-amd/test/fixtures/loose/export-from-5/actual.js
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..5be9a685aa
--- /dev/null
+++ b/packages/babel-plugin-transform-modules-amd/test/fixtures/loose/export-from-5/actual.js
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+export {foo as default} from "foo";
diff --git a/packages/babel-plugin-transform-modules-amd/test/fixtures/loose/export-from-5/expected.js b/packages/babel-plugin-transform-modules-amd/test/fixtures/loose/export-from-5/expected.js
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..8dd82c261c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/packages/babel-plugin-transform-modules-amd/test/fixtures/loose/export-from-5/expected.js
@@ -0,0 +1,6 @@
+define(["exports", "foo"], function (_exports, _foo) {
+  "use strict";
+
+  _exports.__esModule = true;
+  _exports.default = _foo.foo;
+});
diff --git a/packages/babel-plugin-transform-modules-amd/test/fixtures/loose/export-from-6/actual.js b/packages/babel-plugin-transform-modules-amd/test/fixtures/loose/export-from-6/actual.js
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..4461d79e3b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/packages/babel-plugin-transform-modules-amd/test/fixtures/loose/export-from-6/actual.js
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+export {foo as default, bar} from "foo";
diff --git a/packages/babel-plugin-transform-modules-amd/test/fixtures/loose/export-from-6/expected.js b/packages/babel-plugin-transform-modules-amd/test/fixtures/loose/export-from-6/expected.js
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..b17d2a42ae
--- /dev/null
+++ b/packages/babel-plugin-transform-modules-amd/test/fixtures/loose/export-from-6/expected.js
@@ -0,0 +1,7 @@
+define(["exports", "foo"], function (_exports, _foo) {
+  "use strict";
+
+  _exports.__esModule = true;
+  _exports.default = _foo.foo;
+  _exports.bar = _foo.bar;
+});
diff --git a/packages/babel-plugin-transform-modules-amd/test/fixtures/loose/export-from/actual.js b/packages/babel-plugin-transform-modules-amd/test/fixtures/loose/export-from/actual.js
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..9ec8f63ab2
--- /dev/null
+++ b/packages/babel-plugin-transform-modules-amd/test/fixtures/loose/export-from/actual.js
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+export * from "foo";
diff --git a/packages/babel-plugin-transform-modules-amd/test/fixtures/loose/export-from/expected.js b/packages/babel-plugin-transform-modules-amd/test/fixtures/loose/export-from/expected.js
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..9933165d6e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/packages/babel-plugin-transform-modules-amd/test/fixtures/loose/export-from/expected.js
@@ -0,0 +1,9 @@
+define(["exports", "foo"], function (_exports, _foo) {
+  "use strict";
+
+  _exports.__esModule = true;
+  Object.keys(_foo).forEach(function (key) {
+    if (key === "default" || key === "__esModule") return;
+    _exports[key] = _foo[key];
+  });
+});
diff --git a/packages/babel-plugin-transform-modules-amd/test/fixtures/loose/export-named-2/actual.js b/packages/babel-plugin-transform-modules-amd/test/fixtures/loose/export-named-2/actual.js
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..b2bb6f25f1
--- /dev/null
+++ b/packages/babel-plugin-transform-modules-amd/test/fixtures/loose/export-named-2/actual.js
@@ -0,0 +1,2 @@
+var foo, bar;
+export {foo, bar};
diff --git a/packages/babel-plugin-transform-modules-amd/test/fixtures/loose/export-named-2/expected.js b/packages/babel-plugin-transform-modules-amd/test/fixtures/loose/export-named-2/expected.js
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..dc05c416fa
--- /dev/null
+++ b/packages/babel-plugin-transform-modules-amd/test/fixtures/loose/export-named-2/expected.js
@@ -0,0 +1,9 @@
+define(["exports"], function (_exports) {
+  "use strict";
+
+  _exports.__esModule = true;
+  _exports.bar = _exports.foo = void 0;
+  var foo, bar;
+  _exports.bar = bar;
+  _exports.foo = foo;
+});
diff --git a/packages/babel-plugin-transform-modules-amd/test/fixtures/loose/export-named-3/actual.js b/packages/babel-plugin-transform-modules-amd/test/fixtures/loose/export-named-3/actual.js
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..0e20b2a7c2
--- /dev/null
+++ b/packages/babel-plugin-transform-modules-amd/test/fixtures/loose/export-named-3/actual.js
@@ -0,0 +1,2 @@
+var foo;
+export {foo as bar};
diff --git a/packages/babel-plugin-transform-modules-amd/test/fixtures/loose/export-named-3/expected.js b/packages/babel-plugin-transform-modules-amd/test/fixtures/loose/export-named-3/expected.js
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..828d19475c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/packages/babel-plugin-transform-modules-amd/test/fixtures/loose/export-named-3/expected.js
@@ -0,0 +1,8 @@
+define(["exports"], function (_exports) {
+  "use strict";
+
+  _exports.__esModule = true;
+  _exports.bar = void 0;
+  var foo;
+  _exports.bar = foo;
+});
diff --git a/packages/babel-plugin-transform-modules-amd/test/fixtures/loose/export-named-4/actual.js b/packages/babel-plugin-transform-modules-amd/test/fixtures/loose/export-named-4/actual.js
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..6cf31d7c35
--- /dev/null
+++ b/packages/babel-plugin-transform-modules-amd/test/fixtures/loose/export-named-4/actual.js
@@ -0,0 +1,2 @@
+var foo;
+export {foo as default};
diff --git a/packages/babel-plugin-transform-modules-amd/test/fixtures/loose/export-named-4/expected.js b/packages/babel-plugin-transform-modules-amd/test/fixtures/loose/export-named-4/expected.js
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..1d7e8f7d6f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/packages/babel-plugin-transform-modules-amd/test/fixtures/loose/export-named-4/expected.js
@@ -0,0 +1,8 @@
+define(["exports"], function (_exports) {
+  "use strict";
+
+  _exports.__esModule = true;
+  _exports.default = void 0;
+  var foo;
+  _exports.default = foo;
+});
diff --git a/packages/babel-plugin-transform-modules-amd/test/fixtures/loose/export-named-5/actual.js b/packages/babel-plugin-transform-modules-amd/test/fixtures/loose/export-named-5/actual.js
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..d8d18266bb
--- /dev/null
+++ b/packages/babel-plugin-transform-modules-amd/test/fixtures/loose/export-named-5/actual.js
@@ -0,0 +1,2 @@
+var foo, bar;
+export {foo as default, bar};
diff --git a/packages/babel-plugin-transform-modules-amd/test/fixtures/loose/export-named-5/expected.js b/packages/babel-plugin-transform-modules-amd/test/fixtures/loose/export-named-5/expected.js
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..04a5a62181
--- /dev/null
+++ b/packages/babel-plugin-transform-modules-amd/test/fixtures/loose/export-named-5/expected.js
@@ -0,0 +1,9 @@
+define(["exports"], function (_exports) {
+  "use strict";
+
+  _exports.__esModule = true;
+  _exports.bar = _exports.default = void 0;
+  var foo, bar;
+  _exports.bar = bar;
+  _exports.default = foo;
+});
diff --git a/packages/babel-plugin-transform-modules-amd/test/fixtures/loose/export-named/actual.js b/packages/babel-plugin-transform-modules-amd/test/fixtures/loose/export-named/actual.js
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..8da11199f4
--- /dev/null
+++ b/packages/babel-plugin-transform-modules-amd/test/fixtures/loose/export-named/actual.js
@@ -0,0 +1,2 @@
+var foo;
+export {foo};
diff --git a/packages/babel-plugin-transform-modules-amd/test/fixtures/loose/export-named/expected.js b/packages/babel-plugin-transform-modules-amd/test/fixtures/loose/export-named/expected.js
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..6f76473c20
--- /dev/null
+++ b/packages/babel-plugin-transform-modules-amd/test/fixtures/loose/export-named/expected.js
@@ -0,0 +1,8 @@
+define(["exports"], function (_exports) {
+  "use strict";
+
+  _exports.__esModule = true;
+  _exports.foo = void 0;
+  var foo;
+  _exports.foo = foo;
+});
diff --git a/packages/babel-plugin-transform-modules-amd/test/fixtures/loose/export-specifier-default/actual.js b/packages/babel-plugin-transform-modules-amd/test/fixtures/loose/export-specifier-default/actual.js
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..38f48e5187
--- /dev/null
+++ b/packages/babel-plugin-transform-modules-amd/test/fixtures/loose/export-specifier-default/actual.js
@@ -0,0 +1,2 @@
+var a = 1;
+export { a as default };
diff --git a/packages/babel-plugin-transform-modules-amd/test/fixtures/loose/export-specifier-default/expected.js b/packages/babel-plugin-transform-modules-amd/test/fixtures/loose/export-specifier-default/expected.js
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..2db2ae3eda
--- /dev/null
+++ b/packages/babel-plugin-transform-modules-amd/test/fixtures/loose/export-specifier-default/expected.js
@@ -0,0 +1,8 @@
+define(["exports"], function (_exports) {
+  "use strict";
+
+  _exports.__esModule = true;
+  _exports.default = void 0;
+  var a = 1;
+  _exports.default = a;
+});
diff --git a/packages/babel-plugin-transform-modules-amd/test/fixtures/loose/exports-variable/actual.js b/packages/babel-plugin-transform-modules-amd/test/fixtures/loose/exports-variable/actual.js
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..1df70a9447
--- /dev/null
+++ b/packages/babel-plugin-transform-modules-amd/test/fixtures/loose/exports-variable/actual.js
@@ -0,0 +1,9 @@
+export var foo = 1;
+export var foo2 = 1, bar = 2;
+export var foo3 = function () {};
+export var foo4;
+export let foo5 = 2;
+export let foo6;
+export const foo7 = 3;
+export function foo8 () {}
+export class foo9 {}
diff --git a/packages/babel-plugin-transform-modules-amd/test/fixtures/loose/exports-variable/expected.js b/packages/babel-plugin-transform-modules-amd/test/fixtures/loose/exports-variable/expected.js
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..9fb1e1092b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/packages/babel-plugin-transform-modules-amd/test/fixtures/loose/exports-variable/expected.js
@@ -0,0 +1,31 @@
+define(["exports"], function (_exports) {
+  "use strict";
+
+  _exports.__esModule = true;
+  _exports.foo8 = foo8;
+  _exports.foo9 = _exports.foo7 = _exports.foo6 = _exports.foo5 = _exports.foo4 = _exports.foo3 = _exports.bar = _exports.foo2 = _exports.foo = void 0;
+  var foo = 1;
+  _exports.foo = foo;
+  var foo2 = 1,
+      bar = 2;
+  _exports.bar = bar;
+  _exports.foo2 = foo2;
+
+  var foo3 = function () {};
+
+  _exports.foo3 = foo3;
+  var foo4;
+  _exports.foo4 = foo4;
+  let foo5 = 2;
+  _exports.foo5 = foo5;
+  let foo6;
+  _exports.foo6 = foo6;
+  const foo7 = 3;
+  _exports.foo7 = foo7;
+
+  function foo8() {}
+
+  class foo9 {}
+
+  _exports.foo9 = foo9;
+});
diff --git a/packages/babel-plugin-transform-modules-amd/test/fixtures/loose/get-module-name-option/actual.js b/packages/babel-plugin-transform-modules-amd/test/fixtures/loose/get-module-name-option/actual.js
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..e69de29bb2
diff --git a/packages/babel-plugin-transform-modules-amd/test/fixtures/loose/get-module-name-option/expected.js b/packages/babel-plugin-transform-modules-amd/test/fixtures/loose/get-module-name-option/expected.js
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..f1f858900a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/packages/babel-plugin-transform-modules-amd/test/fixtures/loose/get-module-name-option/expected.js
@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+define("my custom module name", [], function () {
+  "use strict";
+});
diff --git a/packages/babel-plugin-transform-modules-amd/test/fixtures/loose/get-module-name-option/options.json b/packages/babel-plugin-transform-modules-amd/test/fixtures/loose/get-module-name-option/options.json
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..0b446c5334
--- /dev/null
+++ b/packages/babel-plugin-transform-modules-amd/test/fixtures/loose/get-module-name-option/options.json
@@ -0,0 +1,8 @@
+{
+  "moduleIds": true,
+  "moduleId": "my custom module name",
+  "plugins": [
+    "external-helpers",
+    ["transform-modules-amd", { "loose": true }]
+  ]
+}
diff --git a/packages/babel-plugin-transform-modules-amd/test/fixtures/loose/hoist-function-exports/actual.js b/packages/babel-plugin-transform-modules-amd/test/fixtures/loose/hoist-function-exports/actual.js
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..3c40b7d1c1
--- /dev/null
+++ b/packages/babel-plugin-transform-modules-amd/test/fixtures/loose/hoist-function-exports/actual.js
@@ -0,0 +1,11 @@
+import { isEven } from "./evens";
+
+export function nextOdd(n) {
+  return isEven(n) ? n + 1 : n + 2;
+}
+
+export var isOdd = (function (isEven) {
+  return function (n) {
+    return !isEven(n);
+  };
+})(isEven);
diff --git a/packages/babel-plugin-transform-modules-amd/test/fixtures/loose/hoist-function-exports/expected.js b/packages/babel-plugin-transform-modules-amd/test/fixtures/loose/hoist-function-exports/expected.js
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..5c29d86eac
--- /dev/null
+++ b/packages/babel-plugin-transform-modules-amd/test/fixtures/loose/hoist-function-exports/expected.js
@@ -0,0 +1,19 @@
+define(["exports", "./evens"], function (_exports, _evens) {
+  "use strict";
+
+  _exports.__esModule = true;
+  _exports.nextOdd = nextOdd;
+  _exports.isOdd = void 0;
+
+  function nextOdd(n) {
+    return (0, _evens.isEven)(n) ? n + 1 : n + 2;
+  }
+
+  var isOdd = function (isEven) {
+    return function (n) {
+      return !isEven(n);
+    };
+  }(_evens.isEven);
+
+  _exports.isOdd = isOdd;
+});
diff --git a/packages/babel-plugin-transform-modules-amd/test/fixtures/loose/import-order/actual.js b/packages/babel-plugin-transform-modules-amd/test/fixtures/loose/import-order/actual.js
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..d2570acf4e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/packages/babel-plugin-transform-modules-amd/test/fixtures/loose/import-order/actual.js
@@ -0,0 +1,4 @@
+import './foo';
+import bar from './bar';
+import './derp';
+import { qux } from './qux';
diff --git a/packages/babel-plugin-transform-modules-amd/test/fixtures/loose/import-order/expected.js b/packages/babel-plugin-transform-modules-amd/test/fixtures/loose/import-order/expected.js
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..ad4067dee3
--- /dev/null
+++ b/packages/babel-plugin-transform-modules-amd/test/fixtures/loose/import-order/expected.js
@@ -0,0 +1,5 @@
+define(["./foo", "./bar", "./derp", "./qux"], function (_foo, _bar, _derp, _qux) {
+  "use strict";
+
+  _bar = babelHelpers.interopRequireDefault(_bar);
+});
diff --git a/packages/babel-plugin-transform-modules-amd/test/fixtures/loose/imports-default/actual.js b/packages/babel-plugin-transform-modules-amd/test/fixtures/loose/imports-default/actual.js
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..9180467e20
--- /dev/null
+++ b/packages/babel-plugin-transform-modules-amd/test/fixtures/loose/imports-default/actual.js
@@ -0,0 +1,5 @@
+import foo from "foo";
+import {default as foo2} from "foo";
+
+foo;
+foo2;
diff --git a/packages/babel-plugin-transform-modules-amd/test/fixtures/loose/imports-default/expected.js b/packages/babel-plugin-transform-modules-amd/test/fixtures/loose/imports-default/expected.js
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..67aa7bc21c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/packages/babel-plugin-transform-modules-amd/test/fixtures/loose/imports-default/expected.js
@@ -0,0 +1,7 @@
+define(["foo"], function (_foo) {
+  "use strict";
+
+  _foo = babelHelpers.interopRequireDefault(_foo);
+  _foo.default;
+  _foo.default;
+});
diff --git a/packages/babel-plugin-transform-modules-amd/test/fixtures/loose/imports-glob/actual.js b/packages/babel-plugin-transform-modules-amd/test/fixtures/loose/imports-glob/actual.js
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..6415edcb6e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/packages/babel-plugin-transform-modules-amd/test/fixtures/loose/imports-glob/actual.js
@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+import * as foo from "foo";
+
+foo;
diff --git a/packages/babel-plugin-transform-modules-amd/test/fixtures/loose/imports-glob/expected.js b/packages/babel-plugin-transform-modules-amd/test/fixtures/loose/imports-glob/expected.js
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..c3a94a67fc
--- /dev/null
+++ b/packages/babel-plugin-transform-modules-amd/test/fixtures/loose/imports-glob/expected.js
@@ -0,0 +1,6 @@
+define(["foo"], function (foo) {
+  "use strict";
+
+  foo = babelHelpers.interopRequireWildcard(foo);
+  foo;
+});
diff --git a/packages/babel-plugin-transform-modules-amd/test/fixtures/loose/imports-mixing/actual.js b/packages/babel-plugin-transform-modules-amd/test/fixtures/loose/imports-mixing/actual.js
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..0336d174c0
--- /dev/null
+++ b/packages/babel-plugin-transform-modules-amd/test/fixtures/loose/imports-mixing/actual.js
@@ -0,0 +1,4 @@
+import foo, {baz as xyz} from "foo";
+
+foo;
+xyz;
diff --git a/packages/babel-plugin-transform-modules-amd/test/fixtures/loose/imports-mixing/expected.js b/packages/babel-plugin-transform-modules-amd/test/fixtures/loose/imports-mixing/expected.js
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..df85e22f86
--- /dev/null
+++ b/packages/babel-plugin-transform-modules-amd/test/fixtures/loose/imports-mixing/expected.js
@@ -0,0 +1,7 @@
+define(["foo"], function (_foo) {
+  "use strict";
+
+  _foo = babelHelpers.interopRequireWildcard(_foo);
+  _foo.default;
+  _foo.baz;
+});
diff --git a/packages/babel-plugin-transform-modules-amd/test/fixtures/loose/imports-named/actual.js b/packages/babel-plugin-transform-modules-amd/test/fixtures/loose/imports-named/actual.js
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..987dbe3a05
--- /dev/null
+++ b/packages/babel-plugin-transform-modules-amd/test/fixtures/loose/imports-named/actual.js
@@ -0,0 +1,11 @@
+import {bar} from "foo";
+import {bar2, baz} from "foo";
+import {bar as baz2} from "foo";
+import {bar as baz3, xyz} from "foo";
+
+bar;
+bar2;
+baz;
+baz2;
+baz3;
+xyz;
diff --git a/packages/babel-plugin-transform-modules-amd/test/fixtures/loose/imports-named/expected.js b/packages/babel-plugin-transform-modules-amd/test/fixtures/loose/imports-named/expected.js
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..af98a48888
--- /dev/null
+++ b/packages/babel-plugin-transform-modules-amd/test/fixtures/loose/imports-named/expected.js
@@ -0,0 +1,10 @@
+define(["foo"], function (_foo) {
+  "use strict";
+
+  _foo.bar;
+  _foo.bar2;
+  _foo.baz;
+  _foo.bar;
+  _foo.bar;
+  _foo.xyz;
+});
diff --git a/packages/babel-plugin-transform-modules-amd/test/fixtures/loose/imports/actual.js b/packages/babel-plugin-transform-modules-amd/test/fixtures/loose/imports/actual.js
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..222b6885ac
--- /dev/null
+++ b/packages/babel-plugin-transform-modules-amd/test/fixtures/loose/imports/actual.js
@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+import "foo";
+import "foo-bar";
+import "./directory/foo-bar";
diff --git a/packages/babel-plugin-transform-modules-amd/test/fixtures/loose/imports/expected.js b/packages/babel-plugin-transform-modules-amd/test/fixtures/loose/imports/expected.js
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..b65f0d58b6
--- /dev/null
+++ b/packages/babel-plugin-transform-modules-amd/test/fixtures/loose/imports/expected.js
@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+define(["foo", "foo-bar", "./directory/foo-bar"], function (_foo, _fooBar, _fooBar2) {
+  "use strict";
+});
diff --git a/packages/babel-plugin-transform-modules-amd/test/fixtures/loose/module-name/actual.js b/packages/babel-plugin-transform-modules-amd/test/fixtures/loose/module-name/actual.js
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..f3b473756e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/packages/babel-plugin-transform-modules-amd/test/fixtures/loose/module-name/actual.js
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+foobar();
diff --git a/packages/babel-plugin-transform-modules-amd/test/fixtures/loose/module-name/expected.js b/packages/babel-plugin-transform-modules-amd/test/fixtures/loose/module-name/expected.js
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..9d857a538b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/packages/babel-plugin-transform-modules-amd/test/fixtures/loose/module-name/expected.js
@@ -0,0 +1,5 @@
+define("loose/module-name/expected", [], function () {
+  "use strict";
+
+  foobar();
+});
diff --git a/packages/babel-plugin-transform-modules-amd/test/fixtures/loose/module-name/options.json b/packages/babel-plugin-transform-modules-amd/test/fixtures/loose/module-name/options.json
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..7f54a2b7f9
--- /dev/null
+++ b/packages/babel-plugin-transform-modules-amd/test/fixtures/loose/module-name/options.json
@@ -0,0 +1,7 @@
+{
+  "moduleIds": true,
+  "plugins": [
+    "external-helpers",
+    ["transform-modules-amd", { "loose": true }]
+  ]
+}
diff --git a/packages/babel-plugin-transform-modules-amd/test/fixtures/loose/noInterop-export-from/actual.js b/packages/babel-plugin-transform-modules-amd/test/fixtures/loose/noInterop-export-from/actual.js
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..7d2c9b022e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/packages/babel-plugin-transform-modules-amd/test/fixtures/loose/noInterop-export-from/actual.js
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+export { default } from 'foo';
diff --git a/packages/babel-plugin-transform-modules-amd/test/fixtures/loose/noInterop-export-from/expected.js b/packages/babel-plugin-transform-modules-amd/test/fixtures/loose/noInterop-export-from/expected.js
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..6670c43181
--- /dev/null
+++ b/packages/babel-plugin-transform-modules-amd/test/fixtures/loose/noInterop-export-from/expected.js
@@ -0,0 +1,6 @@
+define(["exports", "foo"], function (_exports, _foo) {
+  "use strict";
+
+  _exports.__esModule = true;
+  _exports.default = _foo.default;
+});
diff --git a/packages/babel-plugin-transform-modules-amd/test/fixtures/loose/noInterop-export-from/options.json b/packages/babel-plugin-transform-modules-amd/test/fixtures/loose/noInterop-export-from/options.json
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..97d5cf98f8
--- /dev/null
+++ b/packages/babel-plugin-transform-modules-amd/test/fixtures/loose/noInterop-export-from/options.json
@@ -0,0 +1,9 @@
+{
+  "plugins": [
+    "external-helpers",
+    ["transform-modules-amd", {
+      "loose": true,
+      "noInterop": true
+    }]
+  ]
+}
diff --git a/packages/babel-plugin-transform-modules-amd/test/fixtures/loose/noInterop-import-default-only/actual.js b/packages/babel-plugin-transform-modules-amd/test/fixtures/loose/noInterop-import-default-only/actual.js
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..44567cb185
--- /dev/null
+++ b/packages/babel-plugin-transform-modules-amd/test/fixtures/loose/noInterop-import-default-only/actual.js
@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+import foo from "foo";
+
+foo;
diff --git a/packages/babel-plugin-transform-modules-amd/test/fixtures/loose/noInterop-import-default-only/expected.js b/packages/babel-plugin-transform-modules-amd/test/fixtures/loose/noInterop-import-default-only/expected.js
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..acdfb3b580
--- /dev/null
+++ b/packages/babel-plugin-transform-modules-amd/test/fixtures/loose/noInterop-import-default-only/expected.js
@@ -0,0 +1,5 @@
+define(["foo"], function (_foo) {
+  "use strict";
+
+  _foo.default;
+});
diff --git a/packages/babel-plugin-transform-modules-amd/test/fixtures/loose/noInterop-import-default-only/options.json b/packages/babel-plugin-transform-modules-amd/test/fixtures/loose/noInterop-import-default-only/options.json
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..97d5cf98f8
--- /dev/null
+++ b/packages/babel-plugin-transform-modules-amd/test/fixtures/loose/noInterop-import-default-only/options.json
@@ -0,0 +1,9 @@
+{
+  "plugins": [
+    "external-helpers",
+    ["transform-modules-amd", {
+      "loose": true,
+      "noInterop": true
+    }]
+  ]
+}
diff --git a/packages/babel-plugin-transform-modules-amd/test/fixtures/loose/options.json b/packages/babel-plugin-transform-modules-amd/test/fixtures/loose/options.json
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..9597d1c3f2
--- /dev/null
+++ b/packages/babel-plugin-transform-modules-amd/test/fixtures/loose/options.json
@@ -0,0 +1,6 @@
+{
+  "plugins": [
+    "external-helpers",
+    ["transform-modules-amd", { "loose": true }]
+  ]
+}
diff --git a/packages/babel-plugin-transform-modules-amd/test/fixtures/loose/overview/actual.js b/packages/babel-plugin-transform-modules-amd/test/fixtures/loose/overview/actual.js
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..04aa23e120
--- /dev/null
+++ b/packages/babel-plugin-transform-modules-amd/test/fixtures/loose/overview/actual.js
@@ -0,0 +1,18 @@
+import "foo";
+import "foo-bar";
+import "./directory/foo-bar";
+import foo from "foo";
+import * as foo2 from "foo";
+import {bar} from "foo";
+import {foo as bar2} from "foo";
+
+var test;
+export {test};
+export var test2 = 5;
+
+export default test;
+
+foo;
+foo2;
+bar;
+bar2;
diff --git a/packages/babel-plugin-transform-modules-amd/test/fixtures/loose/overview/expected.js b/packages/babel-plugin-transform-modules-amd/test/fixtures/loose/overview/expected.js
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..f3942d53ae
--- /dev/null
+++ b/packages/babel-plugin-transform-modules-amd/test/fixtures/loose/overview/expected.js
@@ -0,0 +1,17 @@
+define(["exports", "foo", "foo-bar", "./directory/foo-bar"], function (_exports, foo2, _fooBar, _fooBar2) {
+  "use strict";
+
+  _exports.__esModule = true;
+  _exports.default = _exports.test2 = _exports.test = void 0;
+  foo2 = babelHelpers.interopRequireWildcard(foo2);
+  var test;
+  _exports.test = test;
+  var test2 = 5;
+  _exports.test2 = test2;
+  var _default = test;
+  _exports.default = _default;
+  foo2.default;
+  foo2;
+  foo2.bar;
+  foo2.foo;
+});
diff --git a/packages/babel-plugin-transform-modules-amd/test/fixtures/loose/remap/actual.js b/packages/babel-plugin-transform-modules-amd/test/fixtures/loose/remap/actual.js
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..f5cf475bec
--- /dev/null
+++ b/packages/babel-plugin-transform-modules-amd/test/fixtures/loose/remap/actual.js
@@ -0,0 +1,21 @@
+export var test = 2;
+test = 5;
+test++;
+
+(function () {
+  var test = 2;
+  test = 3;
+  test++;
+})();
+
+var a = 2;
+export { a };
+a = 3;
+
+var b = 2;
+export { b as c };
+b = 3;
+
+var d = 3;
+export { d as e, d as f };
+d = 4;
diff --git a/packages/babel-plugin-transform-modules-amd/test/fixtures/loose/remap/expected.js b/packages/babel-plugin-transform-modules-amd/test/fixtures/loose/remap/expected.js
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..eaea92181c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/packages/babel-plugin-transform-modules-amd/test/fixtures/loose/remap/expected.js
@@ -0,0 +1,26 @@
+define(["exports"], function (_exports) {
+  "use strict";
+
+  _exports.__esModule = true;
+  _exports.f = _exports.e = _exports.c = _exports.a = _exports.test = void 0;
+  var test = 2;
+  _exports.test = test;
+  _exports.test = test = 5;
+  _exports.test = test = test + 1;
+
+  (function () {
+    var test = 2;
+    test = 3;
+    test++;
+  })();
+
+  var a = 2;
+  _exports.a = a;
+  _exports.a = a = 3;
+  var b = 2;
+  _exports.c = b;
+  _exports.c = b = 3;
+  var d = 3;
+  _exports.f = _exports.e = d;
+  _exports.f = _exports.e = d = 4;
+});
diff --git a/packages/babel-plugin-transform-modules-commonjs/src/index.js b/packages/babel-plugin-transform-modules-commonjs/src/index.js
index 67c6f49773..fc2aaa5c6e 100644
--- a/packages/babel-plugin-transform-modules-commonjs/src/index.js
+++ b/packages/babel-plugin-transform-modules-commonjs/src/index.js
@@ -144,7 +144,9 @@ export default function({ types: t, template }, options) {
             header.loc = metadata.loc;
 
             headers.push(header);
-            headers.push(...buildNamespaceInitStatements(meta, metadata));
+            headers.push(
+              ...buildNamespaceInitStatements(meta, metadata, loose),
+            );
           }
 
           ensureStatementsHoisted(headers);
diff --git a/packages/babel-plugin-transform-modules-commonjs/test/fixtures/interop-loose/export-default-10/actual.js b/packages/babel-plugin-transform-modules-commonjs/test/fixtures/interop-loose/export-default-10/actual.js
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..f0fe347f9e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/packages/babel-plugin-transform-modules-commonjs/test/fixtures/interop-loose/export-default-10/actual.js
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+export default (function(){return "foo"})();
diff --git a/packages/babel-plugin-transform-modules-commonjs/test/fixtures/interop-loose/export-default-10/expected.js b/packages/babel-plugin-transform-modules-commonjs/test/fixtures/interop-loose/export-default-10/expected.js
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..0164eb07e3
--- /dev/null
+++ b/packages/babel-plugin-transform-modules-commonjs/test/fixtures/interop-loose/export-default-10/expected.js
@@ -0,0 +1,10 @@
+"use strict";
+
+exports.__esModule = true;
+exports.default = void 0;
+
+var _default = function () {
+  return "foo";
+}();
+
+exports.default = _default;
diff --git a/packages/babel-plugin-transform-modules-commonjs/test/fixtures/interop-loose/export-default-11/actual.js b/packages/babel-plugin-transform-modules-commonjs/test/fixtures/interop-loose/export-default-11/actual.js
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..44bb8e1880
--- /dev/null
+++ b/packages/babel-plugin-transform-modules-commonjs/test/fixtures/interop-loose/export-default-11/actual.js
@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+export default new Cachier()
+
+export function Cachier(databaseName) {}
diff --git a/packages/babel-plugin-transform-modules-commonjs/test/fixtures/interop-loose/export-default-11/expected.js b/packages/babel-plugin-transform-modules-commonjs/test/fixtures/interop-loose/export-default-11/expected.js
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..d169356906
--- /dev/null
+++ b/packages/babel-plugin-transform-modules-commonjs/test/fixtures/interop-loose/export-default-11/expected.js
@@ -0,0 +1,11 @@
+"use strict";
+
+exports.__esModule = true;
+exports.Cachier = Cachier;
+exports.default = void 0;
+
+var _default = new Cachier();
+
+exports.default = _default;
+
+function Cachier(databaseName) {}
diff --git a/packages/babel-plugin-transform-modules-commonjs/test/fixtures/interop-loose/export-default-2/actual.js b/packages/babel-plugin-transform-modules-commonjs/test/fixtures/interop-loose/export-default-2/actual.js
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..ff8b4c5632
--- /dev/null
+++ b/packages/babel-plugin-transform-modules-commonjs/test/fixtures/interop-loose/export-default-2/actual.js
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+export default {};
diff --git a/packages/babel-plugin-transform-modules-commonjs/test/fixtures/interop-loose/export-default-2/expected.js b/packages/babel-plugin-transform-modules-commonjs/test/fixtures/interop-loose/export-default-2/expected.js
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..08a10702e1
--- /dev/null
+++ b/packages/babel-plugin-transform-modules-commonjs/test/fixtures/interop-loose/export-default-2/expected.js
@@ -0,0 +1,6 @@
+"use strict";
+
+exports.__esModule = true;
+exports.default = void 0;
+var _default = {};
+exports.default = _default;
diff --git a/packages/babel-plugin-transform-modules-commonjs/test/fixtures/interop-loose/export-default-3/actual.js b/packages/babel-plugin-transform-modules-commonjs/test/fixtures/interop-loose/export-default-3/actual.js
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..d6d1738de6
--- /dev/null
+++ b/packages/babel-plugin-transform-modules-commonjs/test/fixtures/interop-loose/export-default-3/actual.js
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+export default [];
diff --git a/packages/babel-plugin-transform-modules-commonjs/test/fixtures/interop-loose/export-default-3/expected.js b/packages/babel-plugin-transform-modules-commonjs/test/fixtures/interop-loose/export-default-3/expected.js
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..b889c0345c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/packages/babel-plugin-transform-modules-commonjs/test/fixtures/interop-loose/export-default-3/expected.js
@@ -0,0 +1,6 @@
+"use strict";
+
+exports.__esModule = true;
+exports.default = void 0;
+var _default = [];
+exports.default = _default;
diff --git a/packages/babel-plugin-transform-modules-commonjs/test/fixtures/interop-loose/export-default-4/actual.js b/packages/babel-plugin-transform-modules-commonjs/test/fixtures/interop-loose/export-default-4/actual.js
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..f7b318b3f6
--- /dev/null
+++ b/packages/babel-plugin-transform-modules-commonjs/test/fixtures/interop-loose/export-default-4/actual.js
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+export default foo;
diff --git a/packages/babel-plugin-transform-modules-commonjs/test/fixtures/interop-loose/export-default-4/expected.js b/packages/babel-plugin-transform-modules-commonjs/test/fixtures/interop-loose/export-default-4/expected.js
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..9032941d09
--- /dev/null
+++ b/packages/babel-plugin-transform-modules-commonjs/test/fixtures/interop-loose/export-default-4/expected.js
@@ -0,0 +1,6 @@
+"use strict";
+
+exports.__esModule = true;
+exports.default = void 0;
+var _default = foo;
+exports.default = _default;
diff --git a/packages/babel-plugin-transform-modules-commonjs/test/fixtures/interop-loose/export-default-5/actual.js b/packages/babel-plugin-transform-modules-commonjs/test/fixtures/interop-loose/export-default-5/actual.js
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..ea9b101e1c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/packages/babel-plugin-transform-modules-commonjs/test/fixtures/interop-loose/export-default-5/actual.js
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+export default function () {}
diff --git a/packages/babel-plugin-transform-modules-commonjs/test/fixtures/interop-loose/export-default-5/expected.js b/packages/babel-plugin-transform-modules-commonjs/test/fixtures/interop-loose/export-default-5/expected.js
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..87049b0d69
--- /dev/null
+++ b/packages/babel-plugin-transform-modules-commonjs/test/fixtures/interop-loose/export-default-5/expected.js
@@ -0,0 +1,6 @@
+"use strict";
+
+exports.__esModule = true;
+exports.default = _default;
+
+function _default() {}
diff --git a/packages/babel-plugin-transform-modules-commonjs/test/fixtures/interop-loose/export-default-6/actual.js b/packages/babel-plugin-transform-modules-commonjs/test/fixtures/interop-loose/export-default-6/actual.js
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..a6e68e9838
--- /dev/null
+++ b/packages/babel-plugin-transform-modules-commonjs/test/fixtures/interop-loose/export-default-6/actual.js
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+export default class {}
diff --git a/packages/babel-plugin-transform-modules-commonjs/test/fixtures/interop-loose/export-default-6/expected.js b/packages/babel-plugin-transform-modules-commonjs/test/fixtures/interop-loose/export-default-6/expected.js
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..7c0701da72
--- /dev/null
+++ b/packages/babel-plugin-transform-modules-commonjs/test/fixtures/interop-loose/export-default-6/expected.js
@@ -0,0 +1,8 @@
+"use strict";
+
+exports.__esModule = true;
+exports.default = void 0;
+
+class _default {}
+
+exports.default = _default;
diff --git a/packages/babel-plugin-transform-modules-commonjs/test/fixtures/interop-loose/export-default-7/actual.js b/packages/babel-plugin-transform-modules-commonjs/test/fixtures/interop-loose/export-default-7/actual.js
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..4389e1a496
--- /dev/null
+++ b/packages/babel-plugin-transform-modules-commonjs/test/fixtures/interop-loose/export-default-7/actual.js
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+export default function foo () {}
diff --git a/packages/babel-plugin-transform-modules-commonjs/test/fixtures/interop-loose/export-default-7/expected.js b/packages/babel-plugin-transform-modules-commonjs/test/fixtures/interop-loose/export-default-7/expected.js
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..1d70f43af7
--- /dev/null
+++ b/packages/babel-plugin-transform-modules-commonjs/test/fixtures/interop-loose/export-default-7/expected.js
@@ -0,0 +1,6 @@
+"use strict";
+
+exports.__esModule = true;
+exports.default = foo;
+
+function foo() {}
diff --git a/packages/babel-plugin-transform-modules-commonjs/test/fixtures/interop-loose/export-default-8/actual.js b/packages/babel-plugin-transform-modules-commonjs/test/fixtures/interop-loose/export-default-8/actual.js
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..7804111002
--- /dev/null
+++ b/packages/babel-plugin-transform-modules-commonjs/test/fixtures/interop-loose/export-default-8/actual.js
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+export default class Foo {}
diff --git a/packages/babel-plugin-transform-modules-commonjs/test/fixtures/interop-loose/export-default-8/expected.js b/packages/babel-plugin-transform-modules-commonjs/test/fixtures/interop-loose/export-default-8/expected.js
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..aceaeb6fb5
--- /dev/null
+++ b/packages/babel-plugin-transform-modules-commonjs/test/fixtures/interop-loose/export-default-8/expected.js
@@ -0,0 +1,8 @@
+"use strict";
+
+exports.__esModule = true;
+exports.default = void 0;
+
+class Foo {}
+
+exports.default = Foo;
diff --git a/packages/babel-plugin-transform-modules-commonjs/test/fixtures/interop-loose/export-default-9/actual.js b/packages/babel-plugin-transform-modules-commonjs/test/fixtures/interop-loose/export-default-9/actual.js
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..9d6ebe46ed
--- /dev/null
+++ b/packages/babel-plugin-transform-modules-commonjs/test/fixtures/interop-loose/export-default-9/actual.js
@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+var foo;
+export { foo as default };
+
diff --git a/packages/babel-plugin-transform-modules-commonjs/test/fixtures/interop-loose/export-default-9/expected.js b/packages/babel-plugin-transform-modules-commonjs/test/fixtures/interop-loose/export-default-9/expected.js
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..a228663b3c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/packages/babel-plugin-transform-modules-commonjs/test/fixtures/interop-loose/export-default-9/expected.js
@@ -0,0 +1,6 @@
+"use strict";
+
+exports.__esModule = true;
+exports.default = void 0;
+var foo;
+exports.default = foo;
diff --git a/packages/babel-plugin-transform-modules-commonjs/test/fixtures/interop-loose/export-default/actual.js b/packages/babel-plugin-transform-modules-commonjs/test/fixtures/interop-loose/export-default/actual.js
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..7a4e8a723a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/packages/babel-plugin-transform-modules-commonjs/test/fixtures/interop-loose/export-default/actual.js
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+export default 42;
diff --git a/packages/babel-plugin-transform-modules-commonjs/test/fixtures/interop-loose/export-default/expected.js b/packages/babel-plugin-transform-modules-commonjs/test/fixtures/interop-loose/export-default/expected.js
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..b302e79cc1
--- /dev/null
+++ b/packages/babel-plugin-transform-modules-commonjs/test/fixtures/interop-loose/export-default/expected.js
@@ -0,0 +1,6 @@
+"use strict";
+
+exports.__esModule = true;
+exports.default = void 0;
+var _default = 42;
+exports.default = _default;
diff --git a/packages/babel-plugin-transform-modules-commonjs/test/fixtures/interop-loose/export-destructured/actual.js b/packages/babel-plugin-transform-modules-commonjs/test/fixtures/interop-loose/export-destructured/actual.js
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..44169dbd66
--- /dev/null
+++ b/packages/babel-plugin-transform-modules-commonjs/test/fixtures/interop-loose/export-destructured/actual.js
@@ -0,0 +1,18 @@
+export let x = 0;
+export let y = 0;
+
+export function f1 () {
+  ({x} = { x: 1 });
+}
+
+export function f2 () {
+  ({x, y} = { x: 2, y: 3 });
+}
+
+export function f3 () {
+  [x, y, z] = [3, 4, 5]
+}
+
+export function f4 () {
+  [x, , y] = [3, 4, 5]
+}
diff --git a/packages/babel-plugin-transform-modules-commonjs/test/fixtures/interop-loose/export-destructured/expected.js b/packages/babel-plugin-transform-modules-commonjs/test/fixtures/interop-loose/export-destructured/expected.js
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..910e1d4584
--- /dev/null
+++ b/packages/babel-plugin-transform-modules-commonjs/test/fixtures/interop-loose/export-destructured/expected.js
@@ -0,0 +1,42 @@
+"use strict";
+
+exports.__esModule = true;
+exports.f1 = f1;
+exports.f2 = f2;
+exports.f3 = f3;
+exports.f4 = f4;
+exports.y = exports.x = void 0;
+let x = 0;
+exports.x = x;
+let y = 0;
+exports.y = y;
+
+function f1() {
+  ({
+    x
+  } = {
+    x: 1
+  });
+  exports.x = x;
+}
+
+function f2() {
+  ({
+    x,
+    y
+  } = {
+    x: 2,
+    y: 3
+  });
+  exports.x = x, exports.y = y;
+}
+
+function f3() {
+  [x, y, z] = [3, 4, 5];
+  exports.x = x, exports.y = y;
+}
+
+function f4() {
+  [x,, y] = [3, 4, 5];
+  exports.x = x, exports.y = y;
+}
diff --git a/packages/babel-plugin-transform-modules-commonjs/test/fixtures/interop-loose/export-from-2/actual.js b/packages/babel-plugin-transform-modules-commonjs/test/fixtures/interop-loose/export-from-2/actual.js
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..83b7b67c51
--- /dev/null
+++ b/packages/babel-plugin-transform-modules-commonjs/test/fixtures/interop-loose/export-from-2/actual.js
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+export {foo} from "foo";
diff --git a/packages/babel-plugin-transform-modules-commonjs/test/fixtures/interop-loose/export-from-2/expected.js b/packages/babel-plugin-transform-modules-commonjs/test/fixtures/interop-loose/export-from-2/expected.js
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..433c1c3ebc
--- /dev/null
+++ b/packages/babel-plugin-transform-modules-commonjs/test/fixtures/interop-loose/export-from-2/expected.js
@@ -0,0 +1,6 @@
+"use strict";
+
+exports.__esModule = true;
+exports.foo = _foo.foo;
+
+var _foo = require("foo");
diff --git a/packages/babel-plugin-transform-modules-commonjs/test/fixtures/interop-loose/export-from-3/actual.js b/packages/babel-plugin-transform-modules-commonjs/test/fixtures/interop-loose/export-from-3/actual.js
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..35c2762a29
--- /dev/null
+++ b/packages/babel-plugin-transform-modules-commonjs/test/fixtures/interop-loose/export-from-3/actual.js
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+export {foo, bar} from "foo";
diff --git a/packages/babel-plugin-transform-modules-commonjs/test/fixtures/interop-loose/export-from-3/expected.js b/packages/babel-plugin-transform-modules-commonjs/test/fixtures/interop-loose/export-from-3/expected.js
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..2529d6d951
--- /dev/null
+++ b/packages/babel-plugin-transform-modules-commonjs/test/fixtures/interop-loose/export-from-3/expected.js
@@ -0,0 +1,7 @@
+"use strict";
+
+exports.__esModule = true;
+exports.foo = _foo.foo;
+exports.bar = _foo.bar;
+
+var _foo = require("foo");
diff --git a/packages/babel-plugin-transform-modules-commonjs/test/fixtures/interop-loose/export-from-4/actual.js b/packages/babel-plugin-transform-modules-commonjs/test/fixtures/interop-loose/export-from-4/actual.js
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..9fff903bd9
--- /dev/null
+++ b/packages/babel-plugin-transform-modules-commonjs/test/fixtures/interop-loose/export-from-4/actual.js
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+export {foo as bar} from "foo";
diff --git a/packages/babel-plugin-transform-modules-commonjs/test/fixtures/interop-loose/export-from-4/expected.js b/packages/babel-plugin-transform-modules-commonjs/test/fixtures/interop-loose/export-from-4/expected.js
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..46ca416dd8
--- /dev/null
+++ b/packages/babel-plugin-transform-modules-commonjs/test/fixtures/interop-loose/export-from-4/expected.js
@@ -0,0 +1,6 @@
+"use strict";
+
+exports.__esModule = true;
+exports.bar = _foo.foo;
+
+var _foo = require("foo");
diff --git a/packages/babel-plugin-transform-modules-commonjs/test/fixtures/interop-loose/export-from-5/actual.js b/packages/babel-plugin-transform-modules-commonjs/test/fixtures/interop-loose/export-from-5/actual.js
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..5be9a685aa
--- /dev/null
+++ b/packages/babel-plugin-transform-modules-commonjs/test/fixtures/interop-loose/export-from-5/actual.js
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+export {foo as default} from "foo";
diff --git a/packages/babel-plugin-transform-modules-commonjs/test/fixtures/interop-loose/export-from-5/expected.js b/packages/babel-plugin-transform-modules-commonjs/test/fixtures/interop-loose/export-from-5/expected.js
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..da307ddc71
--- /dev/null
+++ b/packages/babel-plugin-transform-modules-commonjs/test/fixtures/interop-loose/export-from-5/expected.js
@@ -0,0 +1,6 @@
+"use strict";
+
+exports.__esModule = true;
+exports.default = _foo.foo;
+
+var _foo = require("foo");
diff --git a/packages/babel-plugin-transform-modules-commonjs/test/fixtures/interop-loose/export-from-6/actual.js b/packages/babel-plugin-transform-modules-commonjs/test/fixtures/interop-loose/export-from-6/actual.js
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..4461d79e3b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/packages/babel-plugin-transform-modules-commonjs/test/fixtures/interop-loose/export-from-6/actual.js
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+export {foo as default, bar} from "foo";
diff --git a/packages/babel-plugin-transform-modules-commonjs/test/fixtures/interop-loose/export-from-6/expected.js b/packages/babel-plugin-transform-modules-commonjs/test/fixtures/interop-loose/export-from-6/expected.js
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..236757e90d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/packages/babel-plugin-transform-modules-commonjs/test/fixtures/interop-loose/export-from-6/expected.js
@@ -0,0 +1,7 @@
+"use strict";
+
+exports.__esModule = true;
+exports.default = _foo.foo;
+exports.bar = _foo.bar;
+
+var _foo = require("foo");
diff --git a/packages/babel-plugin-transform-modules-commonjs/test/fixtures/interop-loose/export-from-7/actual.js b/packages/babel-plugin-transform-modules-commonjs/test/fixtures/interop-loose/export-from-7/actual.js
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..afc3e98e19
--- /dev/null
+++ b/packages/babel-plugin-transform-modules-commonjs/test/fixtures/interop-loose/export-from-7/actual.js
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+export {default as foo} from "foo";
diff --git a/packages/babel-plugin-transform-modules-commonjs/test/fixtures/interop-loose/export-from-7/expected.js b/packages/babel-plugin-transform-modules-commonjs/test/fixtures/interop-loose/export-from-7/expected.js
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..49116efe2c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/packages/babel-plugin-transform-modules-commonjs/test/fixtures/interop-loose/export-from-7/expected.js
@@ -0,0 +1,6 @@
+"use strict";
+
+exports.__esModule = true;
+exports.foo = _foo.default;
+
+var _foo = babelHelpers.interopRequireDefault(require("foo"));
diff --git a/packages/babel-plugin-transform-modules-commonjs/test/fixtures/interop-loose/export-from-8/actual.js b/packages/babel-plugin-transform-modules-commonjs/test/fixtures/interop-loose/export-from-8/actual.js
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..b42963fe70
--- /dev/null
+++ b/packages/babel-plugin-transform-modules-commonjs/test/fixtures/interop-loose/export-from-8/actual.js
@@ -0,0 +1,2 @@
+import { foo, foo1, foo2, foo3, foo4, foo5, foo6, foo7, foo8, foo9, foo10, foo11, foo12, foo13, foo14, foo15, foo16, foo17, foo18, foo19, foo20, foo21, foo22, foo23, foo24, foo25, foo26, foo27, foo28, foo29, foo30, foo31, foo32, foo33, foo34, foo35, foo36, foo37, foo38, foo39, foo40, foo41, foo42, foo43, foo44, foo45, foo46, foo47, foo48, foo49, foo50, foo51, foo52, foo53, foo54, foo55, foo56, foo57, foo58, foo59, foo60, foo61, foo62, foo63, foo64, foo65, foo66, foo67, foo68, foo69, foo70, foo71, foo72, foo73, foo74, foo75, foo76, foo77, foo78, foo79, foo80, foo81, foo82, foo83, foo84, foo85, foo86, foo87, foo88, foo89, foo90, foo91, foo92, foo93, foo94, foo95, foo96, foo97, foo98, foo99, foo100 } from "foo";
+export { foo, foo1, foo2, foo3, foo4, foo5, foo6, foo7, foo8, foo9, foo10, foo11, foo12, foo13, foo14, foo15, foo16, foo17, foo18, foo19, foo20, foo21, foo22, foo23, foo24, foo25, foo26, foo27, foo28, foo29, foo30, foo31, foo32, foo33, foo34, foo35, foo36, foo37, foo38, foo39, foo40, foo41, foo42, foo43, foo44, foo45, foo46, foo47, foo48, foo49, foo50, foo51, foo52, foo53, foo54, foo55, foo56, foo57, foo58, foo59, foo60, foo61, foo62, foo63, foo64, foo65, foo66, foo67, foo68, foo69, foo70, foo71, foo72, foo73, foo74, foo75, foo76, foo77, foo78, foo79, foo80, foo81, foo82, foo83, foo84, foo85, foo86, foo87, foo88, foo89, foo90, foo91, foo92, foo93, foo94, foo95, foo96, foo97, foo98, foo99, foo100 }
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/packages/babel-plugin-transform-modules-commonjs/test/fixtures/interop-loose/export-from-8/expected.js b/packages/babel-plugin-transform-modules-commonjs/test/fixtures/interop-loose/export-from-8/expected.js
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..6da56f2b81
--- /dev/null
+++ b/packages/babel-plugin-transform-modules-commonjs/test/fixtures/interop-loose/export-from-8/expected.js
@@ -0,0 +1,106 @@
+"use strict";
+
+exports.__esModule = true;
+exports.foo = _foo.foo;
+exports.foo1 = _foo.foo1;
+exports.foo2 = _foo.foo2;
+exports.foo3 = _foo.foo3;
+exports.foo4 = _foo.foo4;
+exports.foo5 = _foo.foo5;
+exports.foo6 = _foo.foo6;
+exports.foo7 = _foo.foo7;
+exports.foo8 = _foo.foo8;
+exports.foo9 = _foo.foo9;
+exports.foo10 = _foo.foo10;
+exports.foo11 = _foo.foo11;
+exports.foo12 = _foo.foo12;
+exports.foo13 = _foo.foo13;
+exports.foo14 = _foo.foo14;
+exports.foo15 = _foo.foo15;
+exports.foo16 = _foo.foo16;
+exports.foo17 = _foo.foo17;
+exports.foo18 = _foo.foo18;
+exports.foo19 = _foo.foo19;
+exports.foo20 = _foo.foo20;
+exports.foo21 = _foo.foo21;
+exports.foo22 = _foo.foo22;
+exports.foo23 = _foo.foo23;
+exports.foo24 = _foo.foo24;
+exports.foo25 = _foo.foo25;
+exports.foo26 = _foo.foo26;
+exports.foo27 = _foo.foo27;
+exports.foo28 = _foo.foo28;
+exports.foo29 = _foo.foo29;
+exports.foo30 = _foo.foo30;
+exports.foo31 = _foo.foo31;
+exports.foo32 = _foo.foo32;
+exports.foo33 = _foo.foo33;
+exports.foo34 = _foo.foo34;
+exports.foo35 = _foo.foo35;
+exports.foo36 = _foo.foo36;
+exports.foo37 = _foo.foo37;
+exports.foo38 = _foo.foo38;
+exports.foo39 = _foo.foo39;
+exports.foo40 = _foo.foo40;
+exports.foo41 = _foo.foo41;
+exports.foo42 = _foo.foo42;
+exports.foo43 = _foo.foo43;
+exports.foo44 = _foo.foo44;
+exports.foo45 = _foo.foo45;
+exports.foo46 = _foo.foo46;
+exports.foo47 = _foo.foo47;
+exports.foo48 = _foo.foo48;
+exports.foo49 = _foo.foo49;
+exports.foo50 = _foo.foo50;
+exports.foo51 = _foo.foo51;
+exports.foo52 = _foo.foo52;
+exports.foo53 = _foo.foo53;
+exports.foo54 = _foo.foo54;
+exports.foo55 = _foo.foo55;
+exports.foo56 = _foo.foo56;
+exports.foo57 = _foo.foo57;
+exports.foo58 = _foo.foo58;
+exports.foo59 = _foo.foo59;
+exports.foo60 = _foo.foo60;
+exports.foo61 = _foo.foo61;
+exports.foo62 = _foo.foo62;
+exports.foo63 = _foo.foo63;
+exports.foo64 = _foo.foo64;
+exports.foo65 = _foo.foo65;
+exports.foo66 = _foo.foo66;
+exports.foo67 = _foo.foo67;
+exports.foo68 = _foo.foo68;
+exports.foo69 = _foo.foo69;
+exports.foo70 = _foo.foo70;
+exports.foo71 = _foo.foo71;
+exports.foo72 = _foo.foo72;
+exports.foo73 = _foo.foo73;
+exports.foo74 = _foo.foo74;
+exports.foo75 = _foo.foo75;
+exports.foo76 = _foo.foo76;
+exports.foo77 = _foo.foo77;
+exports.foo78 = _foo.foo78;
+exports.foo79 = _foo.foo79;
+exports.foo80 = _foo.foo80;
+exports.foo81 = _foo.foo81;
+exports.foo82 = _foo.foo82;
+exports.foo83 = _foo.foo83;
+exports.foo84 = _foo.foo84;
+exports.foo85 = _foo.foo85;
+exports.foo86 = _foo.foo86;
+exports.foo87 = _foo.foo87;
+exports.foo88 = _foo.foo88;
+exports.foo89 = _foo.foo89;
+exports.foo90 = _foo.foo90;
+exports.foo91 = _foo.foo91;
+exports.foo92 = _foo.foo92;
+exports.foo93 = _foo.foo93;
+exports.foo94 = _foo.foo94;
+exports.foo95 = _foo.foo95;
+exports.foo96 = _foo.foo96;
+exports.foo97 = _foo.foo97;
+exports.foo98 = _foo.foo98;
+exports.foo99 = _foo.foo99;
+exports.foo100 = _foo.foo100;
+
+var _foo = require("foo");
diff --git a/packages/babel-plugin-transform-modules-commonjs/test/fixtures/interop-loose/export-from/actual.js b/packages/babel-plugin-transform-modules-commonjs/test/fixtures/interop-loose/export-from/actual.js
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..9ec8f63ab2
--- /dev/null
+++ b/packages/babel-plugin-transform-modules-commonjs/test/fixtures/interop-loose/export-from/actual.js
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+export * from "foo";
diff --git a/packages/babel-plugin-transform-modules-commonjs/test/fixtures/interop-loose/export-from/expected.js b/packages/babel-plugin-transform-modules-commonjs/test/fixtures/interop-loose/export-from/expected.js
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..8901160e3d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/packages/babel-plugin-transform-modules-commonjs/test/fixtures/interop-loose/export-from/expected.js
@@ -0,0 +1,10 @@
+"use strict";
+
+exports.__esModule = true;
+
+var _foo = require("foo");
+
+Object.keys(_foo).forEach(function (key) {
+  if (key === "default" || key === "__esModule") return;
+  exports[key] = _foo[key];
+});
diff --git a/packages/babel-plugin-transform-modules-commonjs/test/fixtures/interop-loose/export-named-2/actual.js b/packages/babel-plugin-transform-modules-commonjs/test/fixtures/interop-loose/export-named-2/actual.js
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..b2bb6f25f1
--- /dev/null
+++ b/packages/babel-plugin-transform-modules-commonjs/test/fixtures/interop-loose/export-named-2/actual.js
@@ -0,0 +1,2 @@
+var foo, bar;
+export {foo, bar};
diff --git a/packages/babel-plugin-transform-modules-commonjs/test/fixtures/interop-loose/export-named-2/expected.js b/packages/babel-plugin-transform-modules-commonjs/test/fixtures/interop-loose/export-named-2/expected.js
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..6ae303eaf2
--- /dev/null
+++ b/packages/babel-plugin-transform-modules-commonjs/test/fixtures/interop-loose/export-named-2/expected.js
@@ -0,0 +1,7 @@
+"use strict";
+
+exports.__esModule = true;
+exports.bar = exports.foo = void 0;
+var foo, bar;
+exports.bar = bar;
+exports.foo = foo;
diff --git a/packages/babel-plugin-transform-modules-commonjs/test/fixtures/interop-loose/export-named-3/actual.js b/packages/babel-plugin-transform-modules-commonjs/test/fixtures/interop-loose/export-named-3/actual.js
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..0e20b2a7c2
--- /dev/null
+++ b/packages/babel-plugin-transform-modules-commonjs/test/fixtures/interop-loose/export-named-3/actual.js
@@ -0,0 +1,2 @@
+var foo;
+export {foo as bar};
diff --git a/packages/babel-plugin-transform-modules-commonjs/test/fixtures/interop-loose/export-named-3/expected.js b/packages/babel-plugin-transform-modules-commonjs/test/fixtures/interop-loose/export-named-3/expected.js
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..faf2890f12
--- /dev/null
+++ b/packages/babel-plugin-transform-modules-commonjs/test/fixtures/interop-loose/export-named-3/expected.js
@@ -0,0 +1,6 @@
+"use strict";
+
+exports.__esModule = true;
+exports.bar = void 0;
+var foo;
+exports.bar = foo;
diff --git a/packages/babel-plugin-transform-modules-commonjs/test/fixtures/interop-loose/export-named-4/actual.js b/packages/babel-plugin-transform-modules-commonjs/test/fixtures/interop-loose/export-named-4/actual.js
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..6cf31d7c35
--- /dev/null
+++ b/packages/babel-plugin-transform-modules-commonjs/test/fixtures/interop-loose/export-named-4/actual.js
@@ -0,0 +1,2 @@
+var foo;
+export {foo as default};
diff --git a/packages/babel-plugin-transform-modules-commonjs/test/fixtures/interop-loose/export-named-4/expected.js b/packages/babel-plugin-transform-modules-commonjs/test/fixtures/interop-loose/export-named-4/expected.js
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..a228663b3c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/packages/babel-plugin-transform-modules-commonjs/test/fixtures/interop-loose/export-named-4/expected.js
@@ -0,0 +1,6 @@
+"use strict";
+
+exports.__esModule = true;
+exports.default = void 0;
+var foo;
+exports.default = foo;
diff --git a/packages/babel-plugin-transform-modules-commonjs/test/fixtures/interop-loose/export-named-5/actual.js b/packages/babel-plugin-transform-modules-commonjs/test/fixtures/interop-loose/export-named-5/actual.js
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..d8d18266bb
--- /dev/null
+++ b/packages/babel-plugin-transform-modules-commonjs/test/fixtures/interop-loose/export-named-5/actual.js
@@ -0,0 +1,2 @@
+var foo, bar;
+export {foo as default, bar};
diff --git a/packages/babel-plugin-transform-modules-commonjs/test/fixtures/interop-loose/export-named-5/expected.js b/packages/babel-plugin-transform-modules-commonjs/test/fixtures/interop-loose/export-named-5/expected.js
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..640afe55af
--- /dev/null
+++ b/packages/babel-plugin-transform-modules-commonjs/test/fixtures/interop-loose/export-named-5/expected.js
@@ -0,0 +1,7 @@
+"use strict";
+
+exports.__esModule = true;
+exports.bar = exports.default = void 0;
+var foo, bar;
+exports.bar = bar;
+exports.default = foo;
diff --git a/packages/babel-plugin-transform-modules-commonjs/test/fixtures/interop-loose/export-named/actual.js b/packages/babel-plugin-transform-modules-commonjs/test/fixtures/interop-loose/export-named/actual.js
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..8da11199f4
--- /dev/null
+++ b/packages/babel-plugin-transform-modules-commonjs/test/fixtures/interop-loose/export-named/actual.js
@@ -0,0 +1,2 @@
+var foo;
+export {foo};
diff --git a/packages/babel-plugin-transform-modules-commonjs/test/fixtures/interop-loose/export-named/expected.js b/packages/babel-plugin-transform-modules-commonjs/test/fixtures/interop-loose/export-named/expected.js
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..7fa5ace32b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/packages/babel-plugin-transform-modules-commonjs/test/fixtures/interop-loose/export-named/expected.js
@@ -0,0 +1,6 @@
+"use strict";
+
+exports.__esModule = true;
+exports.foo = void 0;
+var foo;
+exports.foo = foo;
diff --git a/packages/babel-plugin-transform-modules-commonjs/test/fixtures/interop-loose/exports-variable/actual.js b/packages/babel-plugin-transform-modules-commonjs/test/fixtures/interop-loose/exports-variable/actual.js
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..1df70a9447
--- /dev/null
+++ b/packages/babel-plugin-transform-modules-commonjs/test/fixtures/interop-loose/exports-variable/actual.js
@@ -0,0 +1,9 @@
+export var foo = 1;
+export var foo2 = 1, bar = 2;
+export var foo3 = function () {};
+export var foo4;
+export let foo5 = 2;
+export let foo6;
+export const foo7 = 3;
+export function foo8 () {}
+export class foo9 {}
diff --git a/packages/babel-plugin-transform-modules-commonjs/test/fixtures/interop-loose/exports-variable/expected.js b/packages/babel-plugin-transform-modules-commonjs/test/fixtures/interop-loose/exports-variable/expected.js
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..7d388df542
--- /dev/null
+++ b/packages/babel-plugin-transform-modules-commonjs/test/fixtures/interop-loose/exports-variable/expected.js
@@ -0,0 +1,29 @@
+"use strict";
+
+exports.__esModule = true;
+exports.foo8 = foo8;
+exports.foo9 = exports.foo7 = exports.foo6 = exports.foo5 = exports.foo4 = exports.foo3 = exports.bar = exports.foo2 = exports.foo = void 0;
+var foo = 1;
+exports.foo = foo;
+var foo2 = 1,
+    bar = 2;
+exports.bar = bar;
+exports.foo2 = foo2;
+
+var foo3 = function () {};
+
+exports.foo3 = foo3;
+var foo4;
+exports.foo4 = foo4;
+let foo5 = 2;
+exports.foo5 = foo5;
+let foo6;
+exports.foo6 = foo6;
+const foo7 = 3;
+exports.foo7 = foo7;
+
+function foo8() {}
+
+class foo9 {}
+
+exports.foo9 = foo9;
diff --git a/packages/babel-plugin-transform-modules-commonjs/test/fixtures/interop-loose/hoist-function-exports/actual.js b/packages/babel-plugin-transform-modules-commonjs/test/fixtures/interop-loose/hoist-function-exports/actual.js
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..3c40b7d1c1
--- /dev/null
+++ b/packages/babel-plugin-transform-modules-commonjs/test/fixtures/interop-loose/hoist-function-exports/actual.js
@@ -0,0 +1,11 @@
+import { isEven } from "./evens";
+
+export function nextOdd(n) {
+  return isEven(n) ? n + 1 : n + 2;
+}
+
+export var isOdd = (function (isEven) {
+  return function (n) {
+    return !isEven(n);
+  };
+})(isEven);
diff --git a/packages/babel-plugin-transform-modules-commonjs/test/fixtures/interop-loose/hoist-function-exports/expected.js b/packages/babel-plugin-transform-modules-commonjs/test/fixtures/interop-loose/hoist-function-exports/expected.js
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..ca8fd7c8dd
--- /dev/null
+++ b/packages/babel-plugin-transform-modules-commonjs/test/fixtures/interop-loose/hoist-function-exports/expected.js
@@ -0,0 +1,19 @@
+"use strict";
+
+exports.__esModule = true;
+exports.nextOdd = nextOdd;
+exports.isOdd = void 0;
+
+var _evens = require("./evens");
+
+function nextOdd(n) {
+  return (0, _evens.isEven)(n) ? n + 1 : n + 2;
+}
+
+var isOdd = function (isEven) {
+  return function (n) {
+    return !isEven(n);
+  };
+}(_evens.isEven);
+
+exports.isOdd = isOdd;
diff --git a/packages/babel-plugin-transform-modules-commonjs/test/fixtures/interop-loose/illegal-export-esmodule-2/actual.js b/packages/babel-plugin-transform-modules-commonjs/test/fixtures/interop-loose/illegal-export-esmodule-2/actual.js
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..78d11110fc
--- /dev/null
+++ b/packages/babel-plugin-transform-modules-commonjs/test/fixtures/interop-loose/illegal-export-esmodule-2/actual.js
@@ -0,0 +1,2 @@
+var __esModule;
+export { __esModule };
diff --git a/packages/babel-plugin-transform-modules-commonjs/test/fixtures/interop-loose/illegal-export-esmodule-2/options.json b/packages/babel-plugin-transform-modules-commonjs/test/fixtures/interop-loose/illegal-export-esmodule-2/options.json
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..00d93fb5d5
--- /dev/null
+++ b/packages/babel-plugin-transform-modules-commonjs/test/fixtures/interop-loose/illegal-export-esmodule-2/options.json
@@ -0,0 +1,4 @@
+{
+  "throws": "Illegal export \"__esModule\"",
+  "plugins": [["transform-modules-commonjs", { "loose": true }]]
+}
diff --git a/packages/babel-plugin-transform-modules-commonjs/test/fixtures/interop-loose/illegal-export-esmodule/actual.js b/packages/babel-plugin-transform-modules-commonjs/test/fixtures/interop-loose/illegal-export-esmodule/actual.js
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..c8e52fd594
--- /dev/null
+++ b/packages/babel-plugin-transform-modules-commonjs/test/fixtures/interop-loose/illegal-export-esmodule/actual.js
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+export var __esModule = false;
diff --git a/packages/babel-plugin-transform-modules-commonjs/test/fixtures/interop-loose/illegal-export-esmodule/options.json b/packages/babel-plugin-transform-modules-commonjs/test/fixtures/interop-loose/illegal-export-esmodule/options.json
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..00d93fb5d5
--- /dev/null
+++ b/packages/babel-plugin-transform-modules-commonjs/test/fixtures/interop-loose/illegal-export-esmodule/options.json
@@ -0,0 +1,4 @@
+{
+  "throws": "Illegal export \"__esModule\"",
+  "plugins": [["transform-modules-commonjs", { "loose": true }]]
+}
diff --git a/packages/babel-plugin-transform-modules-commonjs/test/fixtures/interop-loose/imports-default/actual.js b/packages/babel-plugin-transform-modules-commonjs/test/fixtures/interop-loose/imports-default/actual.js
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..9180467e20
--- /dev/null
+++ b/packages/babel-plugin-transform-modules-commonjs/test/fixtures/interop-loose/imports-default/actual.js
@@ -0,0 +1,5 @@
+import foo from "foo";
+import {default as foo2} from "foo";
+
+foo;
+foo2;
diff --git a/packages/babel-plugin-transform-modules-commonjs/test/fixtures/interop-loose/imports-default/expected.js b/packages/babel-plugin-transform-modules-commonjs/test/fixtures/interop-loose/imports-default/expected.js
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..afd7fbee4d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/packages/babel-plugin-transform-modules-commonjs/test/fixtures/interop-loose/imports-default/expected.js
@@ -0,0 +1,6 @@
+"use strict";
+
+var _foo = babelHelpers.interopRequireDefault(require("foo"));
+
+_foo.default;
+_foo.default;
diff --git a/packages/babel-plugin-transform-modules-commonjs/test/fixtures/interop-loose/imports-glob/actual.js b/packages/babel-plugin-transform-modules-commonjs/test/fixtures/interop-loose/imports-glob/actual.js
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..e55c077500
--- /dev/null
+++ b/packages/babel-plugin-transform-modules-commonjs/test/fixtures/interop-loose/imports-glob/actual.js
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+import * as foo from "foo";
diff --git a/packages/babel-plugin-transform-modules-commonjs/test/fixtures/interop-loose/imports-glob/expected.js b/packages/babel-plugin-transform-modules-commonjs/test/fixtures/interop-loose/imports-glob/expected.js
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..ee841e5215
--- /dev/null
+++ b/packages/babel-plugin-transform-modules-commonjs/test/fixtures/interop-loose/imports-glob/expected.js
@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+"use strict";
+
+var foo = babelHelpers.interopRequireWildcard(require("foo"));
diff --git a/packages/babel-plugin-transform-modules-commonjs/test/fixtures/interop-loose/imports-hoisting/actual.js b/packages/babel-plugin-transform-modules-commonjs/test/fixtures/interop-loose/imports-hoisting/actual.js
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..ebbb389139
--- /dev/null
+++ b/packages/babel-plugin-transform-modules-commonjs/test/fixtures/interop-loose/imports-hoisting/actual.js
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+tag`foo`;
diff --git a/packages/babel-plugin-transform-modules-commonjs/test/fixtures/interop-loose/imports-hoisting/expected.js b/packages/babel-plugin-transform-modules-commonjs/test/fixtures/interop-loose/imports-hoisting/expected.js
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..f88741ee45
--- /dev/null
+++ b/packages/babel-plugin-transform-modules-commonjs/test/fixtures/interop-loose/imports-hoisting/expected.js
@@ -0,0 +1,5 @@
+var _taggedTemplateLiteral = require("@babel/runtime/helpers/taggedTemplateLiteral");
+
+var _templateObject = /*#__PURE__*/ _taggedTemplateLiteral(["foo"], ["foo"]);
+
+tag(_templateObject);
diff --git a/packages/babel-plugin-transform-modules-commonjs/test/fixtures/interop-loose/imports-hoisting/options.json b/packages/babel-plugin-transform-modules-commonjs/test/fixtures/interop-loose/imports-hoisting/options.json
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..bb7528c93a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/packages/babel-plugin-transform-modules-commonjs/test/fixtures/interop-loose/imports-hoisting/options.json
@@ -0,0 +1,7 @@
+{
+  "plugins": [
+    "transform-runtime",
+    "transform-template-literals",
+    ["transform-modules-commonjs", { "loose": true }]
+  ]
+}
diff --git a/packages/babel-plugin-transform-modules-commonjs/test/fixtures/interop-loose/imports-mixing/actual.js b/packages/babel-plugin-transform-modules-commonjs/test/fixtures/interop-loose/imports-mixing/actual.js
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..0336d174c0
--- /dev/null
+++ b/packages/babel-plugin-transform-modules-commonjs/test/fixtures/interop-loose/imports-mixing/actual.js
@@ -0,0 +1,4 @@
+import foo, {baz as xyz} from "foo";
+
+foo;
+xyz;
diff --git a/packages/babel-plugin-transform-modules-commonjs/test/fixtures/interop-loose/imports-mixing/expected.js b/packages/babel-plugin-transform-modules-commonjs/test/fixtures/interop-loose/imports-mixing/expected.js
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..4e9428f6bd
--- /dev/null
+++ b/packages/babel-plugin-transform-modules-commonjs/test/fixtures/interop-loose/imports-mixing/expected.js
@@ -0,0 +1,6 @@
+"use strict";
+
+var _foo = babelHelpers.interopRequireWildcard(require("foo"));
+
+_foo.default;
+_foo.baz;
diff --git a/packages/babel-plugin-transform-modules-commonjs/test/fixtures/interop-loose/imports-named/actual.js b/packages/babel-plugin-transform-modules-commonjs/test/fixtures/interop-loose/imports-named/actual.js
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..987dbe3a05
--- /dev/null
+++ b/packages/babel-plugin-transform-modules-commonjs/test/fixtures/interop-loose/imports-named/actual.js
@@ -0,0 +1,11 @@
+import {bar} from "foo";
+import {bar2, baz} from "foo";
+import {bar as baz2} from "foo";
+import {bar as baz3, xyz} from "foo";
+
+bar;
+bar2;
+baz;
+baz2;
+baz3;
+xyz;
diff --git a/packages/babel-plugin-transform-modules-commonjs/test/fixtures/interop-loose/imports-named/expected.js b/packages/babel-plugin-transform-modules-commonjs/test/fixtures/interop-loose/imports-named/expected.js
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..4d8c433491
--- /dev/null
+++ b/packages/babel-plugin-transform-modules-commonjs/test/fixtures/interop-loose/imports-named/expected.js
@@ -0,0 +1,10 @@
+"use strict";
+
+var _foo = require("foo");
+
+_foo.bar;
+_foo.bar2;
+_foo.baz;
+_foo.bar;
+_foo.bar;
+_foo.xyz;
diff --git a/packages/babel-plugin-transform-modules-commonjs/test/fixtures/interop-loose/imports-ordering/actual.js b/packages/babel-plugin-transform-modules-commonjs/test/fixtures/interop-loose/imports-ordering/actual.js
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..d2570acf4e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/packages/babel-plugin-transform-modules-commonjs/test/fixtures/interop-loose/imports-ordering/actual.js
@@ -0,0 +1,4 @@
+import './foo';
+import bar from './bar';
+import './derp';
+import { qux } from './qux';
diff --git a/packages/babel-plugin-transform-modules-commonjs/test/fixtures/interop-loose/imports-ordering/expected.js b/packages/babel-plugin-transform-modules-commonjs/test/fixtures/interop-loose/imports-ordering/expected.js
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..c975f56f96
--- /dev/null
+++ b/packages/babel-plugin-transform-modules-commonjs/test/fixtures/interop-loose/imports-ordering/expected.js
@@ -0,0 +1,9 @@
+"use strict";
+
+require("./foo");
+
+var _bar = babelHelpers.interopRequireDefault(require("./bar"));
+
+require("./derp");
+
+var _qux = require("./qux");
diff --git a/packages/babel-plugin-transform-modules-commonjs/test/fixtures/interop-loose/imports/actual.js b/packages/babel-plugin-transform-modules-commonjs/test/fixtures/interop-loose/imports/actual.js
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..222b6885ac
--- /dev/null
+++ b/packages/babel-plugin-transform-modules-commonjs/test/fixtures/interop-loose/imports/actual.js
@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+import "foo";
+import "foo-bar";
+import "./directory/foo-bar";
diff --git a/packages/babel-plugin-transform-modules-commonjs/test/fixtures/interop-loose/imports/expected.js b/packages/babel-plugin-transform-modules-commonjs/test/fixtures/interop-loose/imports/expected.js
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..f1a139f51a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/packages/babel-plugin-transform-modules-commonjs/test/fixtures/interop-loose/imports/expected.js
@@ -0,0 +1,7 @@
+"use strict";
+
+require("foo");
+
+require("foo-bar");
+
+require("./directory/foo-bar");
diff --git a/packages/babel-plugin-transform-modules-commonjs/test/fixtures/interop-loose/module-shadow/actual.js b/packages/babel-plugin-transform-modules-commonjs/test/fixtures/interop-loose/module-shadow/actual.js
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..8ee185c87d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/packages/babel-plugin-transform-modules-commonjs/test/fixtures/interop-loose/module-shadow/actual.js
@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+export function module() {
+  
+}
diff --git a/packages/babel-plugin-transform-modules-commonjs/test/fixtures/interop-loose/module-shadow/expected.js b/packages/babel-plugin-transform-modules-commonjs/test/fixtures/interop-loose/module-shadow/expected.js
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..0f1ce58a71
--- /dev/null
+++ b/packages/babel-plugin-transform-modules-commonjs/test/fixtures/interop-loose/module-shadow/expected.js
@@ -0,0 +1,6 @@
+"use strict";
+
+exports.__esModule = true;
+exports.module = _module;
+
+function _module() {}
diff --git a/packages/babel-plugin-transform-modules-commonjs/test/fixtures/interop-loose/multi-load/actual.js b/packages/babel-plugin-transform-modules-commonjs/test/fixtures/interop-loose/multi-load/actual.js
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..c21dca024a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/packages/babel-plugin-transform-modules-commonjs/test/fixtures/interop-loose/multi-load/actual.js
@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+export {};
+
+console.log(helper);
diff --git a/packages/babel-plugin-transform-modules-commonjs/test/fixtures/interop-loose/multi-load/expected.js b/packages/babel-plugin-transform-modules-commonjs/test/fixtures/interop-loose/multi-load/expected.js
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..9930c38eb4
--- /dev/null
+++ b/packages/babel-plugin-transform-modules-commonjs/test/fixtures/interop-loose/multi-load/expected.js
@@ -0,0 +1,7 @@
+"use strict";
+
+var _interopRequireDefault3 = require("@babel/runtime/helpers/interopRequireDefault");
+
+var _interopRequireDefault2 = _interopRequireDefault3(require("@babel/runtime/helpers/interopRequireDefault"));
+
+console.log(_interopRequireDefault2.default);
diff --git a/packages/babel-plugin-transform-modules-commonjs/test/fixtures/interop-loose/multi-load/options.json b/packages/babel-plugin-transform-modules-commonjs/test/fixtures/interop-loose/multi-load/options.json
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..c10a137f38
--- /dev/null
+++ b/packages/babel-plugin-transform-modules-commonjs/test/fixtures/interop-loose/multi-load/options.json
@@ -0,0 +1,7 @@
+{
+  "plugins": [
+    ["transform-modules-commonjs", { "loose": true }],
+    "transform-runtime",
+    "./plugin"
+  ]
+}
diff --git a/packages/babel-plugin-transform-modules-commonjs/test/fixtures/interop-loose/multi-load/plugin.js b/packages/babel-plugin-transform-modules-commonjs/test/fixtures/interop-loose/multi-load/plugin.js
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..22a13dab2d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/packages/babel-plugin-transform-modules-commonjs/test/fixtures/interop-loose/multi-load/plugin.js
@@ -0,0 +1,11 @@
+module.exports = function() {
+  return {
+    visitor: {
+      Identifier: function(path) {
+        if (path.node.name !== "helper") return;
+
+        path.replaceWith(this.addHelper("interopRequireDefault"));
+      },
+    },
+  };
+};
diff --git a/packages/babel-plugin-transform-modules-commonjs/test/fixtures/interop-loose/options.json b/packages/babel-plugin-transform-modules-commonjs/test/fixtures/interop-loose/options.json
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..4a31dd9de2
--- /dev/null
+++ b/packages/babel-plugin-transform-modules-commonjs/test/fixtures/interop-loose/options.json
@@ -0,0 +1,6 @@
+{
+  "plugins": [
+    "external-helpers",
+    ["transform-modules-commonjs", { "loose": true }]
+  ]
+}
diff --git a/packages/babel-plugin-transform-modules-commonjs/test/fixtures/interop-loose/overview/actual.js b/packages/babel-plugin-transform-modules-commonjs/test/fixtures/interop-loose/overview/actual.js
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..71e464640d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/packages/babel-plugin-transform-modules-commonjs/test/fixtures/interop-loose/overview/actual.js
@@ -0,0 +1,15 @@
+import "foo";
+import "foo-bar";
+import "./directory/foo-bar";
+import foo from "foo2";
+import * as foo2 from "foo3";
+import {bar} from "foo4";
+import {foo as bar2} from "foo5";
+
+var test;
+export {test};
+export var test2 = 5;
+
+bar;
+bar2;
+foo;
diff --git a/packages/babel-plugin-transform-modules-commonjs/test/fixtures/interop-loose/overview/expected.js b/packages/babel-plugin-transform-modules-commonjs/test/fixtures/interop-loose/overview/expected.js
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..22718b49a4
--- /dev/null
+++ b/packages/babel-plugin-transform-modules-commonjs/test/fixtures/interop-loose/overview/expected.js
@@ -0,0 +1,26 @@
+"use strict";
+
+exports.__esModule = true;
+exports.test2 = exports.test = void 0;
+
+require("foo");
+
+require("foo-bar");
+
+require("./directory/foo-bar");
+
+var _foo2 = babelHelpers.interopRequireDefault(require("foo2"));
+
+var foo2 = babelHelpers.interopRequireWildcard(require("foo3"));
+
+var _foo4 = require("foo4");
+
+var _foo5 = require("foo5");
+
+var test;
+exports.test = test;
+var test2 = 5;
+exports.test2 = test2;
+_foo4.bar;
+_foo5.foo;
+_foo2.default;
diff --git a/packages/babel-plugin-transform-modules-commonjs/test/fixtures/interop-loose/remap/actual.js b/packages/babel-plugin-transform-modules-commonjs/test/fixtures/interop-loose/remap/actual.js
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..f5cf475bec
--- /dev/null
+++ b/packages/babel-plugin-transform-modules-commonjs/test/fixtures/interop-loose/remap/actual.js
@@ -0,0 +1,21 @@
+export var test = 2;
+test = 5;
+test++;
+
+(function () {
+  var test = 2;
+  test = 3;
+  test++;
+})();
+
+var a = 2;
+export { a };
+a = 3;
+
+var b = 2;
+export { b as c };
+b = 3;
+
+var d = 3;
+export { d as e, d as f };
+d = 4;
diff --git a/packages/babel-plugin-transform-modules-commonjs/test/fixtures/interop-loose/remap/expected.js b/packages/babel-plugin-transform-modules-commonjs/test/fixtures/interop-loose/remap/expected.js
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..c6ac0e81a6
--- /dev/null
+++ b/packages/babel-plugin-transform-modules-commonjs/test/fixtures/interop-loose/remap/expected.js
@@ -0,0 +1,24 @@
+"use strict";
+
+exports.__esModule = true;
+exports.f = exports.e = exports.c = exports.a = exports.test = void 0;
+var test = 2;
+exports.test = test;
+exports.test = test = 5;
+exports.test = test = test + 1;
+
+(function () {
+  var test = 2;
+  test = 3;
+  test++;
+})();
+
+var a = 2;
+exports.a = a;
+exports.a = a = 3;
+var b = 2;
+exports.c = b;
+exports.c = b = 3;
+var d = 3;
+exports.f = exports.e = d;
+exports.f = exports.e = d = 4;
diff --git a/packages/babel-plugin-transform-modules-umd/src/index.js b/packages/babel-plugin-transform-modules-umd/src/index.js
index 7bbd0cd4cc..de21197ffc 100644
--- a/packages/babel-plugin-transform-modules-umd/src/index.js
+++ b/packages/babel-plugin-transform-modules-umd/src/index.js
@@ -181,7 +181,9 @@ export default function({ types: t }, options) {
               }
             }
 
-            headers.push(...buildNamespaceInitStatements(meta, metadata));
+            headers.push(
+              ...buildNamespaceInitStatements(meta, metadata, loose),
+            );
           }
 
           ensureStatementsHoisted(headers);
diff --git a/packages/babel-plugin-transform-modules-umd/test/fixtures/loose/export-default-10/actual.js b/packages/babel-plugin-transform-modules-umd/test/fixtures/loose/export-default-10/actual.js
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..f0fe347f9e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/packages/babel-plugin-transform-modules-umd/test/fixtures/loose/export-default-10/actual.js
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+export default (function(){return "foo"})();
diff --git a/packages/babel-plugin-transform-modules-umd/test/fixtures/loose/export-default-10/expected.js b/packages/babel-plugin-transform-modules-umd/test/fixtures/loose/export-default-10/expected.js
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..61f3e37560
--- /dev/null
+++ b/packages/babel-plugin-transform-modules-umd/test/fixtures/loose/export-default-10/expected.js
@@ -0,0 +1,24 @@
+(function (global, factory) {
+  if (typeof define === "function" && define.amd) {
+    define(["exports"], factory);
+  } else if (typeof exports !== "undefined") {
+    factory(exports);
+  } else {
+    var mod = {
+      exports: {}
+    };
+    factory(mod.exports);
+    global.actual = mod.exports;
+  }
+})(this, function (_exports) {
+  "use strict";
+
+  _exports.__esModule = true;
+  _exports.default = void 0;
+
+  var _default = function () {
+    return "foo";
+  }();
+
+  _exports.default = _default;
+});
diff --git a/packages/babel-plugin-transform-modules-umd/test/fixtures/loose/export-default-11/actual.js b/packages/babel-plugin-transform-modules-umd/test/fixtures/loose/export-default-11/actual.js
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..44bb8e1880
--- /dev/null
+++ b/packages/babel-plugin-transform-modules-umd/test/fixtures/loose/export-default-11/actual.js
@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+export default new Cachier()
+
+export function Cachier(databaseName) {}
diff --git a/packages/babel-plugin-transform-modules-umd/test/fixtures/loose/export-default-11/expected.js b/packages/babel-plugin-transform-modules-umd/test/fixtures/loose/export-default-11/expected.js
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..f1a5ea19a0
--- /dev/null
+++ b/packages/babel-plugin-transform-modules-umd/test/fixtures/loose/export-default-11/expected.js
@@ -0,0 +1,25 @@
+(function (global, factory) {
+  if (typeof define === "function" && define.amd) {
+    define(["exports"], factory);
+  } else if (typeof exports !== "undefined") {
+    factory(exports);
+  } else {
+    var mod = {
+      exports: {}
+    };
+    factory(mod.exports);
+    global.actual = mod.exports;
+  }
+})(this, function (_exports) {
+  "use strict";
+
+  _exports.__esModule = true;
+  _exports.Cachier = Cachier;
+  _exports.default = void 0;
+
+  var _default = new Cachier();
+
+  _exports.default = _default;
+
+  function Cachier(databaseName) {}
+});
diff --git a/packages/babel-plugin-transform-modules-umd/test/fixtures/loose/export-default-2/actual.js b/packages/babel-plugin-transform-modules-umd/test/fixtures/loose/export-default-2/actual.js
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..ff8b4c5632
--- /dev/null
+++ b/packages/babel-plugin-transform-modules-umd/test/fixtures/loose/export-default-2/actual.js
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+export default {};
diff --git a/packages/babel-plugin-transform-modules-umd/test/fixtures/loose/export-default-2/expected.js b/packages/babel-plugin-transform-modules-umd/test/fixtures/loose/export-default-2/expected.js
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..183d0f231b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/packages/babel-plugin-transform-modules-umd/test/fixtures/loose/export-default-2/expected.js
@@ -0,0 +1,20 @@
+(function (global, factory) {
+  if (typeof define === "function" && define.amd) {
+    define(["exports"], factory);
+  } else if (typeof exports !== "undefined") {
+    factory(exports);
+  } else {
+    var mod = {
+      exports: {}
+    };
+    factory(mod.exports);
+    global.actual = mod.exports;
+  }
+})(this, function (_exports) {
+  "use strict";
+
+  _exports.__esModule = true;
+  _exports.default = void 0;
+  var _default = {};
+  _exports.default = _default;
+});
diff --git a/packages/babel-plugin-transform-modules-umd/test/fixtures/loose/export-default-3/actual.js b/packages/babel-plugin-transform-modules-umd/test/fixtures/loose/export-default-3/actual.js
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..d6d1738de6
--- /dev/null
+++ b/packages/babel-plugin-transform-modules-umd/test/fixtures/loose/export-default-3/actual.js
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+export default [];
diff --git a/packages/babel-plugin-transform-modules-umd/test/fixtures/loose/export-default-3/expected.js b/packages/babel-plugin-transform-modules-umd/test/fixtures/loose/export-default-3/expected.js
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..2ca915c40e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/packages/babel-plugin-transform-modules-umd/test/fixtures/loose/export-default-3/expected.js
@@ -0,0 +1,20 @@
+(function (global, factory) {
+  if (typeof define === "function" && define.amd) {
+    define(["exports"], factory);
+  } else if (typeof exports !== "undefined") {
+    factory(exports);
+  } else {
+    var mod = {
+      exports: {}
+    };
+    factory(mod.exports);
+    global.actual = mod.exports;
+  }
+})(this, function (_exports) {
+  "use strict";
+
+  _exports.__esModule = true;
+  _exports.default = void 0;
+  var _default = [];
+  _exports.default = _default;
+});
diff --git a/packages/babel-plugin-transform-modules-umd/test/fixtures/loose/export-default-4/actual.js b/packages/babel-plugin-transform-modules-umd/test/fixtures/loose/export-default-4/actual.js
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..f7b318b3f6
--- /dev/null
+++ b/packages/babel-plugin-transform-modules-umd/test/fixtures/loose/export-default-4/actual.js
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+export default foo;
diff --git a/packages/babel-plugin-transform-modules-umd/test/fixtures/loose/export-default-4/expected.js b/packages/babel-plugin-transform-modules-umd/test/fixtures/loose/export-default-4/expected.js
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..e58b020fab
--- /dev/null
+++ b/packages/babel-plugin-transform-modules-umd/test/fixtures/loose/export-default-4/expected.js
@@ -0,0 +1,20 @@
+(function (global, factory) {
+  if (typeof define === "function" && define.amd) {
+    define(["exports"], factory);
+  } else if (typeof exports !== "undefined") {
+    factory(exports);
+  } else {
+    var mod = {
+      exports: {}
+    };
+    factory(mod.exports);
+    global.actual = mod.exports;
+  }
+})(this, function (_exports) {
+  "use strict";
+
+  _exports.__esModule = true;
+  _exports.default = void 0;
+  var _default = foo;
+  _exports.default = _default;
+});
diff --git a/packages/babel-plugin-transform-modules-umd/test/fixtures/loose/export-default-5/actual.js b/packages/babel-plugin-transform-modules-umd/test/fixtures/loose/export-default-5/actual.js
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..ea9b101e1c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/packages/babel-plugin-transform-modules-umd/test/fixtures/loose/export-default-5/actual.js
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+export default function () {}
diff --git a/packages/babel-plugin-transform-modules-umd/test/fixtures/loose/export-default-5/expected.js b/packages/babel-plugin-transform-modules-umd/test/fixtures/loose/export-default-5/expected.js
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..b0ff460826
--- /dev/null
+++ b/packages/babel-plugin-transform-modules-umd/test/fixtures/loose/export-default-5/expected.js
@@ -0,0 +1,20 @@
+(function (global, factory) {
+  if (typeof define === "function" && define.amd) {
+    define(["exports"], factory);
+  } else if (typeof exports !== "undefined") {
+    factory(exports);
+  } else {
+    var mod = {
+      exports: {}
+    };
+    factory(mod.exports);
+    global.actual = mod.exports;
+  }
+})(this, function (_exports) {
+  "use strict";
+
+  _exports.__esModule = true;
+  _exports.default = _default;
+
+  function _default() {}
+});
diff --git a/packages/babel-plugin-transform-modules-umd/test/fixtures/loose/export-default-6/actual.js b/packages/babel-plugin-transform-modules-umd/test/fixtures/loose/export-default-6/actual.js
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..a6e68e9838
--- /dev/null
+++ b/packages/babel-plugin-transform-modules-umd/test/fixtures/loose/export-default-6/actual.js
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+export default class {}
diff --git a/packages/babel-plugin-transform-modules-umd/test/fixtures/loose/export-default-6/expected.js b/packages/babel-plugin-transform-modules-umd/test/fixtures/loose/export-default-6/expected.js
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..7526541461
--- /dev/null
+++ b/packages/babel-plugin-transform-modules-umd/test/fixtures/loose/export-default-6/expected.js
@@ -0,0 +1,22 @@
+(function (global, factory) {
+  if (typeof define === "function" && define.amd) {
+    define(["exports"], factory);
+  } else if (typeof exports !== "undefined") {
+    factory(exports);
+  } else {
+    var mod = {
+      exports: {}
+    };
+    factory(mod.exports);
+    global.actual = mod.exports;
+  }
+})(this, function (_exports) {
+  "use strict";
+
+  _exports.__esModule = true;
+  _exports.default = void 0;
+
+  class _default {}
+
+  _exports.default = _default;
+});
diff --git a/packages/babel-plugin-transform-modules-umd/test/fixtures/loose/export-default-7/actual.js b/packages/babel-plugin-transform-modules-umd/test/fixtures/loose/export-default-7/actual.js
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..4389e1a496
--- /dev/null
+++ b/packages/babel-plugin-transform-modules-umd/test/fixtures/loose/export-default-7/actual.js
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+export default function foo () {}
diff --git a/packages/babel-plugin-transform-modules-umd/test/fixtures/loose/export-default-7/expected.js b/packages/babel-plugin-transform-modules-umd/test/fixtures/loose/export-default-7/expected.js
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..8d4504c2ba
--- /dev/null
+++ b/packages/babel-plugin-transform-modules-umd/test/fixtures/loose/export-default-7/expected.js
@@ -0,0 +1,20 @@
+(function (global, factory) {
+  if (typeof define === "function" && define.amd) {
+    define(["exports"], factory);
+  } else if (typeof exports !== "undefined") {
+    factory(exports);
+  } else {
+    var mod = {
+      exports: {}
+    };
+    factory(mod.exports);
+    global.actual = mod.exports;
+  }
+})(this, function (_exports) {
+  "use strict";
+
+  _exports.__esModule = true;
+  _exports.default = foo;
+
+  function foo() {}
+});
diff --git a/packages/babel-plugin-transform-modules-umd/test/fixtures/loose/export-default-8/actual.js b/packages/babel-plugin-transform-modules-umd/test/fixtures/loose/export-default-8/actual.js
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..7804111002
--- /dev/null
+++ b/packages/babel-plugin-transform-modules-umd/test/fixtures/loose/export-default-8/actual.js
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+export default class Foo {}
diff --git a/packages/babel-plugin-transform-modules-umd/test/fixtures/loose/export-default-8/expected.js b/packages/babel-plugin-transform-modules-umd/test/fixtures/loose/export-default-8/expected.js
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..be17d9c167
--- /dev/null
+++ b/packages/babel-plugin-transform-modules-umd/test/fixtures/loose/export-default-8/expected.js
@@ -0,0 +1,22 @@
+(function (global, factory) {
+  if (typeof define === "function" && define.amd) {
+    define(["exports"], factory);
+  } else if (typeof exports !== "undefined") {
+    factory(exports);
+  } else {
+    var mod = {
+      exports: {}
+    };
+    factory(mod.exports);
+    global.actual = mod.exports;
+  }
+})(this, function (_exports) {
+  "use strict";
+
+  _exports.__esModule = true;
+  _exports.default = void 0;
+
+  class Foo {}
+
+  _exports.default = Foo;
+});
diff --git a/packages/babel-plugin-transform-modules-umd/test/fixtures/loose/export-default-9/actual.js b/packages/babel-plugin-transform-modules-umd/test/fixtures/loose/export-default-9/actual.js
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..9d6ebe46ed
--- /dev/null
+++ b/packages/babel-plugin-transform-modules-umd/test/fixtures/loose/export-default-9/actual.js
@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+var foo;
+export { foo as default };
+
diff --git a/packages/babel-plugin-transform-modules-umd/test/fixtures/loose/export-default-9/expected.js b/packages/babel-plugin-transform-modules-umd/test/fixtures/loose/export-default-9/expected.js
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..c5b16d5b9d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/packages/babel-plugin-transform-modules-umd/test/fixtures/loose/export-default-9/expected.js
@@ -0,0 +1,20 @@
+(function (global, factory) {
+  if (typeof define === "function" && define.amd) {
+    define(["exports"], factory);
+  } else if (typeof exports !== "undefined") {
+    factory(exports);
+  } else {
+    var mod = {
+      exports: {}
+    };
+    factory(mod.exports);
+    global.actual = mod.exports;
+  }
+})(this, function (_exports) {
+  "use strict";
+
+  _exports.__esModule = true;
+  _exports.default = void 0;
+  var foo;
+  _exports.default = foo;
+});
diff --git a/packages/babel-plugin-transform-modules-umd/test/fixtures/loose/export-default/actual.js b/packages/babel-plugin-transform-modules-umd/test/fixtures/loose/export-default/actual.js
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..7a4e8a723a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/packages/babel-plugin-transform-modules-umd/test/fixtures/loose/export-default/actual.js
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+export default 42;
diff --git a/packages/babel-plugin-transform-modules-umd/test/fixtures/loose/export-default/expected.js b/packages/babel-plugin-transform-modules-umd/test/fixtures/loose/export-default/expected.js
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..fba4c04587
--- /dev/null
+++ b/packages/babel-plugin-transform-modules-umd/test/fixtures/loose/export-default/expected.js
@@ -0,0 +1,20 @@
+(function (global, factory) {
+  if (typeof define === "function" && define.amd) {
+    define(["exports"], factory);
+  } else if (typeof exports !== "undefined") {
+    factory(exports);
+  } else {
+    var mod = {
+      exports: {}
+    };
+    factory(mod.exports);
+    global.actual = mod.exports;
+  }
+})(this, function (_exports) {
+  "use strict";
+
+  _exports.__esModule = true;
+  _exports.default = void 0;
+  var _default = 42;
+  _exports.default = _default;
+});
diff --git a/packages/babel-plugin-transform-modules-umd/test/fixtures/loose/export-from-2/actual.js b/packages/babel-plugin-transform-modules-umd/test/fixtures/loose/export-from-2/actual.js
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..5be9a685aa
--- /dev/null
+++ b/packages/babel-plugin-transform-modules-umd/test/fixtures/loose/export-from-2/actual.js
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+export {foo as default} from "foo";
diff --git a/packages/babel-plugin-transform-modules-umd/test/fixtures/loose/export-from-2/expected.js b/packages/babel-plugin-transform-modules-umd/test/fixtures/loose/export-from-2/expected.js
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..520a6b509b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/packages/babel-plugin-transform-modules-umd/test/fixtures/loose/export-from-2/expected.js
@@ -0,0 +1,18 @@
+(function (global, factory) {
+  if (typeof define === "function" && define.amd) {
+    define(["exports", "foo"], factory);
+  } else if (typeof exports !== "undefined") {
+    factory(exports, require("foo"));
+  } else {
+    var mod = {
+      exports: {}
+    };
+    factory(mod.exports, global.foo);
+    global.actual = mod.exports;
+  }
+})(this, function (_exports, _foo) {
+  "use strict";
+
+  _exports.__esModule = true;
+  _exports.default = _foo.foo;
+});
diff --git a/packages/babel-plugin-transform-modules-umd/test/fixtures/loose/export-from-3/actual.js b/packages/babel-plugin-transform-modules-umd/test/fixtures/loose/export-from-3/actual.js
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..4461d79e3b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/packages/babel-plugin-transform-modules-umd/test/fixtures/loose/export-from-3/actual.js
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+export {foo as default, bar} from "foo";
diff --git a/packages/babel-plugin-transform-modules-umd/test/fixtures/loose/export-from-3/expected.js b/packages/babel-plugin-transform-modules-umd/test/fixtures/loose/export-from-3/expected.js
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..5a6f824f43
--- /dev/null
+++ b/packages/babel-plugin-transform-modules-umd/test/fixtures/loose/export-from-3/expected.js
@@ -0,0 +1,19 @@
+(function (global, factory) {
+  if (typeof define === "function" && define.amd) {
+    define(["exports", "foo"], factory);
+  } else if (typeof exports !== "undefined") {
+    factory(exports, require("foo"));
+  } else {
+    var mod = {
+      exports: {}
+    };
+    factory(mod.exports, global.foo);
+    global.actual = mod.exports;
+  }
+})(this, function (_exports, _foo) {
+  "use strict";
+
+  _exports.__esModule = true;
+  _exports.default = _foo.foo;
+  _exports.bar = _foo.bar;
+});
diff --git a/packages/babel-plugin-transform-modules-umd/test/fixtures/loose/export-from-4/actual.js b/packages/babel-plugin-transform-modules-umd/test/fixtures/loose/export-from-4/actual.js
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..9fff903bd9
--- /dev/null
+++ b/packages/babel-plugin-transform-modules-umd/test/fixtures/loose/export-from-4/actual.js
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+export {foo as bar} from "foo";
diff --git a/packages/babel-plugin-transform-modules-umd/test/fixtures/loose/export-from-4/expected.js b/packages/babel-plugin-transform-modules-umd/test/fixtures/loose/export-from-4/expected.js
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..11344ddf0d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/packages/babel-plugin-transform-modules-umd/test/fixtures/loose/export-from-4/expected.js
@@ -0,0 +1,18 @@
+(function (global, factory) {
+  if (typeof define === "function" && define.amd) {
+    define(["exports", "foo"], factory);
+  } else if (typeof exports !== "undefined") {
+    factory(exports, require("foo"));
+  } else {
+    var mod = {
+      exports: {}
+    };
+    factory(mod.exports, global.foo);
+    global.actual = mod.exports;
+  }
+})(this, function (_exports, _foo) {
+  "use strict";
+
+  _exports.__esModule = true;
+  _exports.bar = _foo.foo;
+});
diff --git a/packages/babel-plugin-transform-modules-umd/test/fixtures/loose/export-from-5/actual.js b/packages/babel-plugin-transform-modules-umd/test/fixtures/loose/export-from-5/actual.js
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..35c2762a29
--- /dev/null
+++ b/packages/babel-plugin-transform-modules-umd/test/fixtures/loose/export-from-5/actual.js
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+export {foo, bar} from "foo";
diff --git a/packages/babel-plugin-transform-modules-umd/test/fixtures/loose/export-from-5/expected.js b/packages/babel-plugin-transform-modules-umd/test/fixtures/loose/export-from-5/expected.js
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..4ee5bc2347
--- /dev/null
+++ b/packages/babel-plugin-transform-modules-umd/test/fixtures/loose/export-from-5/expected.js
@@ -0,0 +1,19 @@
+(function (global, factory) {
+  if (typeof define === "function" && define.amd) {
+    define(["exports", "foo"], factory);
+  } else if (typeof exports !== "undefined") {
+    factory(exports, require("foo"));
+  } else {
+    var mod = {
+      exports: {}
+    };
+    factory(mod.exports, global.foo);
+    global.actual = mod.exports;
+  }
+})(this, function (_exports, _foo) {
+  "use strict";
+
+  _exports.__esModule = true;
+  _exports.foo = _foo.foo;
+  _exports.bar = _foo.bar;
+});
diff --git a/packages/babel-plugin-transform-modules-umd/test/fixtures/loose/export-from-6/actual.js b/packages/babel-plugin-transform-modules-umd/test/fixtures/loose/export-from-6/actual.js
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..9ec8f63ab2
--- /dev/null
+++ b/packages/babel-plugin-transform-modules-umd/test/fixtures/loose/export-from-6/actual.js
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+export * from "foo";
diff --git a/packages/babel-plugin-transform-modules-umd/test/fixtures/loose/export-from-6/expected.js b/packages/babel-plugin-transform-modules-umd/test/fixtures/loose/export-from-6/expected.js
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..ad0cfca08b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/packages/babel-plugin-transform-modules-umd/test/fixtures/loose/export-from-6/expected.js
@@ -0,0 +1,21 @@
+(function (global, factory) {
+  if (typeof define === "function" && define.amd) {
+    define(["exports", "foo"], factory);
+  } else if (typeof exports !== "undefined") {
+    factory(exports, require("foo"));
+  } else {
+    var mod = {
+      exports: {}
+    };
+    factory(mod.exports, global.foo);
+    global.actual = mod.exports;
+  }
+})(this, function (_exports, _foo) {
+  "use strict";
+
+  _exports.__esModule = true;
+  Object.keys(_foo).forEach(function (key) {
+    if (key === "default" || key === "__esModule") return;
+    _exports[key] = _foo[key];
+  });
+});
diff --git a/packages/babel-plugin-transform-modules-umd/test/fixtures/loose/export-from/actual.js b/packages/babel-plugin-transform-modules-umd/test/fixtures/loose/export-from/actual.js
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..83b7b67c51
--- /dev/null
+++ b/packages/babel-plugin-transform-modules-umd/test/fixtures/loose/export-from/actual.js
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+export {foo} from "foo";
diff --git a/packages/babel-plugin-transform-modules-umd/test/fixtures/loose/export-from/expected.js b/packages/babel-plugin-transform-modules-umd/test/fixtures/loose/export-from/expected.js
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..2ccde04820
--- /dev/null
+++ b/packages/babel-plugin-transform-modules-umd/test/fixtures/loose/export-from/expected.js
@@ -0,0 +1,18 @@
+(function (global, factory) {
+  if (typeof define === "function" && define.amd) {
+    define(["exports", "foo"], factory);
+  } else if (typeof exports !== "undefined") {
+    factory(exports, require("foo"));
+  } else {
+    var mod = {
+      exports: {}
+    };
+    factory(mod.exports, global.foo);
+    global.actual = mod.exports;
+  }
+})(this, function (_exports, _foo) {
+  "use strict";
+
+  _exports.__esModule = true;
+  _exports.foo = _foo.foo;
+});
diff --git a/packages/babel-plugin-transform-modules-umd/test/fixtures/loose/export-named-2/actual.js b/packages/babel-plugin-transform-modules-umd/test/fixtures/loose/export-named-2/actual.js
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..6cf31d7c35
--- /dev/null
+++ b/packages/babel-plugin-transform-modules-umd/test/fixtures/loose/export-named-2/actual.js
@@ -0,0 +1,2 @@
+var foo;
+export {foo as default};
diff --git a/packages/babel-plugin-transform-modules-umd/test/fixtures/loose/export-named-2/expected.js b/packages/babel-plugin-transform-modules-umd/test/fixtures/loose/export-named-2/expected.js
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..c5b16d5b9d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/packages/babel-plugin-transform-modules-umd/test/fixtures/loose/export-named-2/expected.js
@@ -0,0 +1,20 @@
+(function (global, factory) {
+  if (typeof define === "function" && define.amd) {
+    define(["exports"], factory);
+  } else if (typeof exports !== "undefined") {
+    factory(exports);
+  } else {
+    var mod = {
+      exports: {}
+    };
+    factory(mod.exports);
+    global.actual = mod.exports;
+  }
+})(this, function (_exports) {
+  "use strict";
+
+  _exports.__esModule = true;
+  _exports.default = void 0;
+  var foo;
+  _exports.default = foo;
+});
diff --git a/packages/babel-plugin-transform-modules-umd/test/fixtures/loose/export-named-3/actual.js b/packages/babel-plugin-transform-modules-umd/test/fixtures/loose/export-named-3/actual.js
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..d8d18266bb
--- /dev/null
+++ b/packages/babel-plugin-transform-modules-umd/test/fixtures/loose/export-named-3/actual.js
@@ -0,0 +1,2 @@
+var foo, bar;
+export {foo as default, bar};
diff --git a/packages/babel-plugin-transform-modules-umd/test/fixtures/loose/export-named-3/expected.js b/packages/babel-plugin-transform-modules-umd/test/fixtures/loose/export-named-3/expected.js
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..bf92e3f3b9
--- /dev/null
+++ b/packages/babel-plugin-transform-modules-umd/test/fixtures/loose/export-named-3/expected.js
@@ -0,0 +1,21 @@
+(function (global, factory) {
+  if (typeof define === "function" && define.amd) {
+    define(["exports"], factory);
+  } else if (typeof exports !== "undefined") {
+    factory(exports);
+  } else {
+    var mod = {
+      exports: {}
+    };
+    factory(mod.exports);
+    global.actual = mod.exports;
+  }
+})(this, function (_exports) {
+  "use strict";
+
+  _exports.__esModule = true;
+  _exports.bar = _exports.default = void 0;
+  var foo, bar;
+  _exports.bar = bar;
+  _exports.default = foo;
+});
diff --git a/packages/babel-plugin-transform-modules-umd/test/fixtures/loose/export-named-4/actual.js b/packages/babel-plugin-transform-modules-umd/test/fixtures/loose/export-named-4/actual.js
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..0e20b2a7c2
--- /dev/null
+++ b/packages/babel-plugin-transform-modules-umd/test/fixtures/loose/export-named-4/actual.js
@@ -0,0 +1,2 @@
+var foo;
+export {foo as bar};
diff --git a/packages/babel-plugin-transform-modules-umd/test/fixtures/loose/export-named-4/expected.js b/packages/babel-plugin-transform-modules-umd/test/fixtures/loose/export-named-4/expected.js
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..cbd8573d69
--- /dev/null
+++ b/packages/babel-plugin-transform-modules-umd/test/fixtures/loose/export-named-4/expected.js
@@ -0,0 +1,20 @@
+(function (global, factory) {
+  if (typeof define === "function" && define.amd) {
+    define(["exports"], factory);
+  } else if (typeof exports !== "undefined") {
+    factory(exports);
+  } else {
+    var mod = {
+      exports: {}
+    };
+    factory(mod.exports);
+    global.actual = mod.exports;
+  }
+})(this, function (_exports) {
+  "use strict";
+
+  _exports.__esModule = true;
+  _exports.bar = void 0;
+  var foo;
+  _exports.bar = foo;
+});
diff --git a/packages/babel-plugin-transform-modules-umd/test/fixtures/loose/export-named-5/actual.js b/packages/babel-plugin-transform-modules-umd/test/fixtures/loose/export-named-5/actual.js
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..b2bb6f25f1
--- /dev/null
+++ b/packages/babel-plugin-transform-modules-umd/test/fixtures/loose/export-named-5/actual.js
@@ -0,0 +1,2 @@
+var foo, bar;
+export {foo, bar};
diff --git a/packages/babel-plugin-transform-modules-umd/test/fixtures/loose/export-named-5/expected.js b/packages/babel-plugin-transform-modules-umd/test/fixtures/loose/export-named-5/expected.js
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..c666006513
--- /dev/null
+++ b/packages/babel-plugin-transform-modules-umd/test/fixtures/loose/export-named-5/expected.js
@@ -0,0 +1,21 @@
+(function (global, factory) {
+  if (typeof define === "function" && define.amd) {
+    define(["exports"], factory);
+  } else if (typeof exports !== "undefined") {
+    factory(exports);
+  } else {
+    var mod = {
+      exports: {}
+    };
+    factory(mod.exports);
+    global.actual = mod.exports;
+  }
+})(this, function (_exports) {
+  "use strict";
+
+  _exports.__esModule = true;
+  _exports.bar = _exports.foo = void 0;
+  var foo, bar;
+  _exports.bar = bar;
+  _exports.foo = foo;
+});
diff --git a/packages/babel-plugin-transform-modules-umd/test/fixtures/loose/export-named/actual.js b/packages/babel-plugin-transform-modules-umd/test/fixtures/loose/export-named/actual.js
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..8da11199f4
--- /dev/null
+++ b/packages/babel-plugin-transform-modules-umd/test/fixtures/loose/export-named/actual.js
@@ -0,0 +1,2 @@
+var foo;
+export {foo};
diff --git a/packages/babel-plugin-transform-modules-umd/test/fixtures/loose/export-named/expected.js b/packages/babel-plugin-transform-modules-umd/test/fixtures/loose/export-named/expected.js
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..5c44bed0cb
--- /dev/null
+++ b/packages/babel-plugin-transform-modules-umd/test/fixtures/loose/export-named/expected.js
@@ -0,0 +1,20 @@
+(function (global, factory) {
+  if (typeof define === "function" && define.amd) {
+    define(["exports"], factory);
+  } else if (typeof exports !== "undefined") {
+    factory(exports);
+  } else {
+    var mod = {
+      exports: {}
+    };
+    factory(mod.exports);
+    global.actual = mod.exports;
+  }
+})(this, function (_exports) {
+  "use strict";
+
+  _exports.__esModule = true;
+  _exports.foo = void 0;
+  var foo;
+  _exports.foo = foo;
+});
diff --git a/packages/babel-plugin-transform-modules-umd/test/fixtures/loose/exports-variable/actual.js b/packages/babel-plugin-transform-modules-umd/test/fixtures/loose/exports-variable/actual.js
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..1df70a9447
--- /dev/null
+++ b/packages/babel-plugin-transform-modules-umd/test/fixtures/loose/exports-variable/actual.js
@@ -0,0 +1,9 @@
+export var foo = 1;
+export var foo2 = 1, bar = 2;
+export var foo3 = function () {};
+export var foo4;
+export let foo5 = 2;
+export let foo6;
+export const foo7 = 3;
+export function foo8 () {}
+export class foo9 {}
diff --git a/packages/babel-plugin-transform-modules-umd/test/fixtures/loose/exports-variable/expected.js b/packages/babel-plugin-transform-modules-umd/test/fixtures/loose/exports-variable/expected.js
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..a82cba50a4
--- /dev/null
+++ b/packages/babel-plugin-transform-modules-umd/test/fixtures/loose/exports-variable/expected.js
@@ -0,0 +1,43 @@
+(function (global, factory) {
+  if (typeof define === "function" && define.amd) {
+    define(["exports"], factory);
+  } else if (typeof exports !== "undefined") {
+    factory(exports);
+  } else {
+    var mod = {
+      exports: {}
+    };
+    factory(mod.exports);
+    global.actual = mod.exports;
+  }
+})(this, function (_exports) {
+  "use strict";
+
+  _exports.__esModule = true;
+  _exports.foo8 = foo8;
+  _exports.foo9 = _exports.foo7 = _exports.foo6 = _exports.foo5 = _exports.foo4 = _exports.foo3 = _exports.bar = _exports.foo2 = _exports.foo = void 0;
+  var foo = 1;
+  _exports.foo = foo;
+  var foo2 = 1,
+      bar = 2;
+  _exports.bar = bar;
+  _exports.foo2 = foo2;
+
+  var foo3 = function () {};
+
+  _exports.foo3 = foo3;
+  var foo4;
+  _exports.foo4 = foo4;
+  let foo5 = 2;
+  _exports.foo5 = foo5;
+  let foo6;
+  _exports.foo6 = foo6;
+  const foo7 = 3;
+  _exports.foo7 = foo7;
+
+  function foo8() {}
+
+  class foo9 {}
+
+  _exports.foo9 = foo9;
+});
diff --git a/packages/babel-plugin-transform-modules-umd/test/fixtures/loose/get-module-name-option/actual.js b/packages/babel-plugin-transform-modules-umd/test/fixtures/loose/get-module-name-option/actual.js
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..e69de29bb2
diff --git a/packages/babel-plugin-transform-modules-umd/test/fixtures/loose/get-module-name-option/expected.js b/packages/babel-plugin-transform-modules-umd/test/fixtures/loose/get-module-name-option/expected.js
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..d5c9406620
--- /dev/null
+++ b/packages/babel-plugin-transform-modules-umd/test/fixtures/loose/get-module-name-option/expected.js
@@ -0,0 +1,15 @@
+(function (global, factory) {
+  if (typeof define === "function" && define.amd) {
+    define("my custom module name", [], factory);
+  } else if (typeof exports !== "undefined") {
+    factory();
+  } else {
+    var mod = {
+      exports: {}
+    };
+    factory();
+    global.myCustomModuleName = mod.exports;
+  }
+})(this, function () {
+  "use strict";
+});
diff --git a/packages/babel-plugin-transform-modules-umd/test/fixtures/loose/get-module-name-option/options.json b/packages/babel-plugin-transform-modules-umd/test/fixtures/loose/get-module-name-option/options.json
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..fd01b12b80
--- /dev/null
+++ b/packages/babel-plugin-transform-modules-umd/test/fixtures/loose/get-module-name-option/options.json
@@ -0,0 +1,8 @@
+{
+  "moduleIds": true,
+  "moduleId": "my custom module name",
+  "plugins": [
+    "external-helpers",
+    ["transform-modules-umd", { "loose": true }]
+  ]
+}
diff --git a/packages/babel-plugin-transform-modules-umd/test/fixtures/loose/hoist-function-exports/actual.js b/packages/babel-plugin-transform-modules-umd/test/fixtures/loose/hoist-function-exports/actual.js
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..3c40b7d1c1
--- /dev/null
+++ b/packages/babel-plugin-transform-modules-umd/test/fixtures/loose/hoist-function-exports/actual.js
@@ -0,0 +1,11 @@
+import { isEven } from "./evens";
+
+export function nextOdd(n) {
+  return isEven(n) ? n + 1 : n + 2;
+}
+
+export var isOdd = (function (isEven) {
+  return function (n) {
+    return !isEven(n);
+  };
+})(isEven);
diff --git a/packages/babel-plugin-transform-modules-umd/test/fixtures/loose/hoist-function-exports/expected.js b/packages/babel-plugin-transform-modules-umd/test/fixtures/loose/hoist-function-exports/expected.js
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..d5700f1d8f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/packages/babel-plugin-transform-modules-umd/test/fixtures/loose/hoist-function-exports/expected.js
@@ -0,0 +1,31 @@
+(function (global, factory) {
+  if (typeof define === "function" && define.amd) {
+    define(["exports", "./evens"], factory);
+  } else if (typeof exports !== "undefined") {
+    factory(exports, require("./evens"));
+  } else {
+    var mod = {
+      exports: {}
+    };
+    factory(mod.exports, global.evens);
+    global.actual = mod.exports;
+  }
+})(this, function (_exports, _evens) {
+  "use strict";
+
+  _exports.__esModule = true;
+  _exports.nextOdd = nextOdd;
+  _exports.isOdd = void 0;
+
+  function nextOdd(n) {
+    return (0, _evens.isEven)(n) ? n + 1 : n + 2;
+  }
+
+  var isOdd = function (isEven) {
+    return function (n) {
+      return !isEven(n);
+    };
+  }(_evens.isEven);
+
+  _exports.isOdd = isOdd;
+});
diff --git a/packages/babel-plugin-transform-modules-umd/test/fixtures/loose/imports-default/actual.js b/packages/babel-plugin-transform-modules-umd/test/fixtures/loose/imports-default/actual.js
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..9180467e20
--- /dev/null
+++ b/packages/babel-plugin-transform-modules-umd/test/fixtures/loose/imports-default/actual.js
@@ -0,0 +1,5 @@
+import foo from "foo";
+import {default as foo2} from "foo";
+
+foo;
+foo2;
diff --git a/packages/babel-plugin-transform-modules-umd/test/fixtures/loose/imports-default/expected.js b/packages/babel-plugin-transform-modules-umd/test/fixtures/loose/imports-default/expected.js
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..4196edc91c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/packages/babel-plugin-transform-modules-umd/test/fixtures/loose/imports-default/expected.js
@@ -0,0 +1,19 @@
+(function (global, factory) {
+  if (typeof define === "function" && define.amd) {
+    define(["foo"], factory);
+  } else if (typeof exports !== "undefined") {
+    factory(require("foo"));
+  } else {
+    var mod = {
+      exports: {}
+    };
+    factory(global.foo);
+    global.actual = mod.exports;
+  }
+})(this, function (_foo) {
+  "use strict";
+
+  _foo = babelHelpers.interopRequireDefault(_foo);
+  _foo.default;
+  _foo.default;
+});
diff --git a/packages/babel-plugin-transform-modules-umd/test/fixtures/loose/imports-exact-globals-false-with-overrides/actual.js b/packages/babel-plugin-transform-modules-umd/test/fixtures/loose/imports-exact-globals-false-with-overrides/actual.js
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..0e67018dc4
--- /dev/null
+++ b/packages/babel-plugin-transform-modules-umd/test/fixtures/loose/imports-exact-globals-false-with-overrides/actual.js
@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+import fooBar1 from "foo-bar";
+import fooBar2 from "./mylib/foo-bar";
+import fizzBuzz from "fizzbuzz";
diff --git a/packages/babel-plugin-transform-modules-umd/test/fixtures/loose/imports-exact-globals-false-with-overrides/expected.js b/packages/babel-plugin-transform-modules-umd/test/fixtures/loose/imports-exact-globals-false-with-overrides/expected.js
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..2c40b18e52
--- /dev/null
+++ b/packages/babel-plugin-transform-modules-umd/test/fixtures/loose/imports-exact-globals-false-with-overrides/expected.js
@@ -0,0 +1,19 @@
+(function (global, factory) {
+  if (typeof define === "function" && define.amd) {
+    define(["foo-bar", "./mylib/foo-bar", "fizzbuzz"], factory);
+  } else if (typeof exports !== "undefined") {
+    factory(require("foo-bar"), require("./mylib/foo-bar"), require("fizzbuzz"));
+  } else {
+    var mod = {
+      exports: {}
+    };
+    factory(global.fooBAR, global.fooBAR, global.fizzBuzz);
+    global.actual = mod.exports;
+  }
+})(this, function (_fooBar, _fooBar2, _fizzbuzz) {
+  "use strict";
+
+  _fooBar = babelHelpers.interopRequireDefault(_fooBar);
+  _fooBar2 = babelHelpers.interopRequireDefault(_fooBar2);
+  _fizzbuzz = babelHelpers.interopRequireDefault(_fizzbuzz);
+});
diff --git a/packages/babel-plugin-transform-modules-umd/test/fixtures/loose/imports-exact-globals-false-with-overrides/options.json b/packages/babel-plugin-transform-modules-umd/test/fixtures/loose/imports-exact-globals-false-with-overrides/options.json
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..d1283677d8
--- /dev/null
+++ b/packages/babel-plugin-transform-modules-umd/test/fixtures/loose/imports-exact-globals-false-with-overrides/options.json
@@ -0,0 +1,13 @@
+{
+  "plugins": [
+    "external-helpers",
+    ["transform-modules-umd", {
+      "globals": {
+        "foo-bar": "fooBAR",
+        "./mylib/foo-bar": "mylib.fooBar",
+        "fizzbuzz": "fizz.buzz"
+      },
+      "loose": true
+    }]
+  ]
+}
diff --git a/packages/babel-plugin-transform-modules-umd/test/fixtures/loose/imports-exact-globals-false/actual.js b/packages/babel-plugin-transform-modules-umd/test/fixtures/loose/imports-exact-globals-false/actual.js
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..0e67018dc4
--- /dev/null
+++ b/packages/babel-plugin-transform-modules-umd/test/fixtures/loose/imports-exact-globals-false/actual.js
@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+import fooBar1 from "foo-bar";
+import fooBar2 from "./mylib/foo-bar";
+import fizzBuzz from "fizzbuzz";
diff --git a/packages/babel-plugin-transform-modules-umd/test/fixtures/loose/imports-exact-globals-false/expected.js b/packages/babel-plugin-transform-modules-umd/test/fixtures/loose/imports-exact-globals-false/expected.js
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..1811d048b0
--- /dev/null
+++ b/packages/babel-plugin-transform-modules-umd/test/fixtures/loose/imports-exact-globals-false/expected.js
@@ -0,0 +1,19 @@
+(function (global, factory) {
+  if (typeof define === "function" && define.amd) {
+    define(["foo-bar", "./mylib/foo-bar", "fizzbuzz"], factory);
+  } else if (typeof exports !== "undefined") {
+    factory(require("foo-bar"), require("./mylib/foo-bar"), require("fizzbuzz"));
+  } else {
+    var mod = {
+      exports: {}
+    };
+    factory(global.fooBar, global.fooBar, global.fizzbuzz);
+    global.actual = mod.exports;
+  }
+})(this, function (_fooBar, _fooBar2, _fizzbuzz) {
+  "use strict";
+
+  _fooBar = babelHelpers.interopRequireDefault(_fooBar);
+  _fooBar2 = babelHelpers.interopRequireDefault(_fooBar2);
+  _fizzbuzz = babelHelpers.interopRequireDefault(_fizzbuzz);
+});
diff --git a/packages/babel-plugin-transform-modules-umd/test/fixtures/loose/imports-exact-globals-true-with-overrides/actual.js b/packages/babel-plugin-transform-modules-umd/test/fixtures/loose/imports-exact-globals-true-with-overrides/actual.js
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..0e67018dc4
--- /dev/null
+++ b/packages/babel-plugin-transform-modules-umd/test/fixtures/loose/imports-exact-globals-true-with-overrides/actual.js
@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+import fooBar1 from "foo-bar";
+import fooBar2 from "./mylib/foo-bar";
+import fizzBuzz from "fizzbuzz";
diff --git a/packages/babel-plugin-transform-modules-umd/test/fixtures/loose/imports-exact-globals-true-with-overrides/expected.js b/packages/babel-plugin-transform-modules-umd/test/fixtures/loose/imports-exact-globals-true-with-overrides/expected.js
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..f586b13c0f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/packages/babel-plugin-transform-modules-umd/test/fixtures/loose/imports-exact-globals-true-with-overrides/expected.js
@@ -0,0 +1,19 @@
+(function (global, factory) {
+  if (typeof define === "function" && define.amd) {
+    define(["foo-bar", "./mylib/foo-bar", "fizzbuzz"], factory);
+  } else if (typeof exports !== "undefined") {
+    factory(require("foo-bar"), require("./mylib/foo-bar"), require("fizzbuzz"));
+  } else {
+    var mod = {
+      exports: {}
+    };
+    factory(global.fooBAR, global.mylib.fooBar, global.fizz.buzz);
+    global.actual = mod.exports;
+  }
+})(this, function (_fooBar, _fooBar2, _fizzbuzz) {
+  "use strict";
+
+  _fooBar = babelHelpers.interopRequireDefault(_fooBar);
+  _fooBar2 = babelHelpers.interopRequireDefault(_fooBar2);
+  _fizzbuzz = babelHelpers.interopRequireDefault(_fizzbuzz);
+});
diff --git a/packages/babel-plugin-transform-modules-umd/test/fixtures/loose/imports-exact-globals-true-with-overrides/options.json b/packages/babel-plugin-transform-modules-umd/test/fixtures/loose/imports-exact-globals-true-with-overrides/options.json
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..f035809469
--- /dev/null
+++ b/packages/babel-plugin-transform-modules-umd/test/fixtures/loose/imports-exact-globals-true-with-overrides/options.json
@@ -0,0 +1,14 @@
+{
+  "plugins": [
+    "external-helpers",
+    ["transform-modules-umd", {
+      "globals": {
+        "foo-bar": "fooBAR",
+        "./mylib/foo-bar": "mylib.fooBar",
+        "fizzbuzz": "fizz.buzz"
+      },
+      "exactGlobals": true,
+      "loose": true
+    }]
+  ]
+}
diff --git a/packages/babel-plugin-transform-modules-umd/test/fixtures/loose/imports-exact-globals-true/actual.js b/packages/babel-plugin-transform-modules-umd/test/fixtures/loose/imports-exact-globals-true/actual.js
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..0e67018dc4
--- /dev/null
+++ b/packages/babel-plugin-transform-modules-umd/test/fixtures/loose/imports-exact-globals-true/actual.js
@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+import fooBar1 from "foo-bar";
+import fooBar2 from "./mylib/foo-bar";
+import fizzBuzz from "fizzbuzz";
diff --git a/packages/babel-plugin-transform-modules-umd/test/fixtures/loose/imports-exact-globals-true/expected.js b/packages/babel-plugin-transform-modules-umd/test/fixtures/loose/imports-exact-globals-true/expected.js
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..412d23865a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/packages/babel-plugin-transform-modules-umd/test/fixtures/loose/imports-exact-globals-true/expected.js
@@ -0,0 +1,19 @@
+(function (global, factory) {
+  if (typeof define === "function" && define.amd) {
+    define(["foo-bar", "./mylib/foo-bar", "fizzbuzz"], factory);
+  } else if (typeof exports !== "undefined") {
+    factory(require("foo-bar"), require("./mylib/foo-bar"), require("fizzbuzz"));
+  } else {
+    var mod = {
+      exports: {}
+    };
+    factory(global.fooBar, global.mylibFooBar, global.fizzbuzz);
+    global.actual = mod.exports;
+  }
+})(this, function (_fooBar, _fooBar2, _fizzbuzz) {
+  "use strict";
+
+  _fooBar = babelHelpers.interopRequireDefault(_fooBar);
+  _fooBar2 = babelHelpers.interopRequireDefault(_fooBar2);
+  _fizzbuzz = babelHelpers.interopRequireDefault(_fizzbuzz);
+});
diff --git a/packages/babel-plugin-transform-modules-umd/test/fixtures/loose/imports-exact-globals-true/options.json b/packages/babel-plugin-transform-modules-umd/test/fixtures/loose/imports-exact-globals-true/options.json
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..b0038cc813
--- /dev/null
+++ b/packages/babel-plugin-transform-modules-umd/test/fixtures/loose/imports-exact-globals-true/options.json
@@ -0,0 +1,9 @@
+{
+  "plugins": [
+    "external-helpers",
+    ["transform-modules-umd", {
+      "exactGlobals": true,
+      "loose": true
+    }]
+  ]
+}
diff --git a/packages/babel-plugin-transform-modules-umd/test/fixtures/loose/imports-glob/actual.js b/packages/babel-plugin-transform-modules-umd/test/fixtures/loose/imports-glob/actual.js
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..6415edcb6e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/packages/babel-plugin-transform-modules-umd/test/fixtures/loose/imports-glob/actual.js
@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+import * as foo from "foo";
+
+foo;
diff --git a/packages/babel-plugin-transform-modules-umd/test/fixtures/loose/imports-glob/expected.js b/packages/babel-plugin-transform-modules-umd/test/fixtures/loose/imports-glob/expected.js
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..22cc82cc0a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/packages/babel-plugin-transform-modules-umd/test/fixtures/loose/imports-glob/expected.js
@@ -0,0 +1,18 @@
+(function (global, factory) {
+  if (typeof define === "function" && define.amd) {
+    define(["foo"], factory);
+  } else if (typeof exports !== "undefined") {
+    factory(require("foo"));
+  } else {
+    var mod = {
+      exports: {}
+    };
+    factory(global.foo);
+    global.actual = mod.exports;
+  }
+})(this, function (foo) {
+  "use strict";
+
+  foo = babelHelpers.interopRequireWildcard(foo);
+  foo;
+});
diff --git a/packages/babel-plugin-transform-modules-umd/test/fixtures/loose/imports-mixing/actual.js b/packages/babel-plugin-transform-modules-umd/test/fixtures/loose/imports-mixing/actual.js
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..ae5fc41773
--- /dev/null
+++ b/packages/babel-plugin-transform-modules-umd/test/fixtures/loose/imports-mixing/actual.js
@@ -0,0 +1,2 @@
+import foo, {baz as xyz} from "foo";
+xyz;
diff --git a/packages/babel-plugin-transform-modules-umd/test/fixtures/loose/imports-mixing/expected.js b/packages/babel-plugin-transform-modules-umd/test/fixtures/loose/imports-mixing/expected.js
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..3fc714c74f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/packages/babel-plugin-transform-modules-umd/test/fixtures/loose/imports-mixing/expected.js
@@ -0,0 +1,18 @@
+(function (global, factory) {
+  if (typeof define === "function" && define.amd) {
+    define(["foo"], factory);
+  } else if (typeof exports !== "undefined") {
+    factory(require("foo"));
+  } else {
+    var mod = {
+      exports: {}
+    };
+    factory(global.foo);
+    global.actual = mod.exports;
+  }
+})(this, function (_foo) {
+  "use strict";
+
+  _foo = babelHelpers.interopRequireWildcard(_foo);
+  _foo.baz;
+});
diff --git a/packages/babel-plugin-transform-modules-umd/test/fixtures/loose/imports-named/actual.js b/packages/babel-plugin-transform-modules-umd/test/fixtures/loose/imports-named/actual.js
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..987dbe3a05
--- /dev/null
+++ b/packages/babel-plugin-transform-modules-umd/test/fixtures/loose/imports-named/actual.js
@@ -0,0 +1,11 @@
+import {bar} from "foo";
+import {bar2, baz} from "foo";
+import {bar as baz2} from "foo";
+import {bar as baz3, xyz} from "foo";
+
+bar;
+bar2;
+baz;
+baz2;
+baz3;
+xyz;
diff --git a/packages/babel-plugin-transform-modules-umd/test/fixtures/loose/imports-named/expected.js b/packages/babel-plugin-transform-modules-umd/test/fixtures/loose/imports-named/expected.js
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..8f03bf54fc
--- /dev/null
+++ b/packages/babel-plugin-transform-modules-umd/test/fixtures/loose/imports-named/expected.js
@@ -0,0 +1,22 @@
+(function (global, factory) {
+  if (typeof define === "function" && define.amd) {
+    define(["foo"], factory);
+  } else if (typeof exports !== "undefined") {
+    factory(require("foo"));
+  } else {
+    var mod = {
+      exports: {}
+    };
+    factory(global.foo);
+    global.actual = mod.exports;
+  }
+})(this, function (_foo) {
+  "use strict";
+
+  _foo.bar;
+  _foo.bar2;
+  _foo.baz;
+  _foo.bar;
+  _foo.bar;
+  _foo.xyz;
+});
diff --git a/packages/babel-plugin-transform-modules-umd/test/fixtures/loose/imports/actual.js b/packages/babel-plugin-transform-modules-umd/test/fixtures/loose/imports/actual.js
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..222b6885ac
--- /dev/null
+++ b/packages/babel-plugin-transform-modules-umd/test/fixtures/loose/imports/actual.js
@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+import "foo";
+import "foo-bar";
+import "./directory/foo-bar";
diff --git a/packages/babel-plugin-transform-modules-umd/test/fixtures/loose/imports/expected.js b/packages/babel-plugin-transform-modules-umd/test/fixtures/loose/imports/expected.js
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..be9bca8d65
--- /dev/null
+++ b/packages/babel-plugin-transform-modules-umd/test/fixtures/loose/imports/expected.js
@@ -0,0 +1,15 @@
+(function (global, factory) {
+  if (typeof define === "function" && define.amd) {
+    define(["foo", "foo-bar", "./directory/foo-bar"], factory);
+  } else if (typeof exports !== "undefined") {
+    factory(require("foo"), require("foo-bar"), require("./directory/foo-bar"));
+  } else {
+    var mod = {
+      exports: {}
+    };
+    factory(global.foo, global.fooBar, global.fooBar);
+    global.actual = mod.exports;
+  }
+})(this, function (_foo, _fooBar, _fooBar2) {
+  "use strict";
+});
diff --git a/packages/babel-plugin-transform-modules-umd/test/fixtures/loose/module-id-with-overridden-global-in-namespace/actual.js b/packages/babel-plugin-transform-modules-umd/test/fixtures/loose/module-id-with-overridden-global-in-namespace/actual.js
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..7a4e8a723a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/packages/babel-plugin-transform-modules-umd/test/fixtures/loose/module-id-with-overridden-global-in-namespace/actual.js
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+export default 42;
diff --git a/packages/babel-plugin-transform-modules-umd/test/fixtures/loose/module-id-with-overridden-global-in-namespace/expected.js b/packages/babel-plugin-transform-modules-umd/test/fixtures/loose/module-id-with-overridden-global-in-namespace/expected.js
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..b1b88602b1
--- /dev/null
+++ b/packages/babel-plugin-transform-modules-umd/test/fixtures/loose/module-id-with-overridden-global-in-namespace/expected.js
@@ -0,0 +1,21 @@
+(function (global, factory) {
+  if (typeof define === "function" && define.amd) {
+    define("my custom module name", ["exports"], factory);
+  } else if (typeof exports !== "undefined") {
+    factory(exports);
+  } else {
+    var mod = {
+      exports: {}
+    };
+    factory(mod.exports);
+    global.foo = global.foo || {};
+    global.foo.bar = mod.exports;
+  }
+})(this, function (_exports) {
+  "use strict";
+
+  _exports.__esModule = true;
+  _exports.default = void 0;
+  var _default = 42;
+  _exports.default = _default;
+});
diff --git a/packages/babel-plugin-transform-modules-umd/test/fixtures/loose/module-id-with-overridden-global-in-namespace/options.json b/packages/babel-plugin-transform-modules-umd/test/fixtures/loose/module-id-with-overridden-global-in-namespace/options.json
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..c65dd5d94e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/packages/babel-plugin-transform-modules-umd/test/fixtures/loose/module-id-with-overridden-global-in-namespace/options.json
@@ -0,0 +1,13 @@
+{
+  "plugins": [
+    "external-helpers",
+    ["transform-modules-umd", {
+      "globals": {
+        "my custom module name": "foo.bar"
+      },
+      "exactGlobals": true,
+      "loose": true
+    }]
+  ],
+  "moduleId": "my custom module name"
+}
diff --git a/packages/babel-plugin-transform-modules-umd/test/fixtures/loose/module-id-with-overridden-global-in-very-nested-namespace/actual.js b/packages/babel-plugin-transform-modules-umd/test/fixtures/loose/module-id-with-overridden-global-in-very-nested-namespace/actual.js
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..7a4e8a723a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/packages/babel-plugin-transform-modules-umd/test/fixtures/loose/module-id-with-overridden-global-in-very-nested-namespace/actual.js
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+export default 42;
diff --git a/packages/babel-plugin-transform-modules-umd/test/fixtures/loose/module-id-with-overridden-global-in-very-nested-namespace/expected.js b/packages/babel-plugin-transform-modules-umd/test/fixtures/loose/module-id-with-overridden-global-in-very-nested-namespace/expected.js
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..bcae91ef80
--- /dev/null
+++ b/packages/babel-plugin-transform-modules-umd/test/fixtures/loose/module-id-with-overridden-global-in-very-nested-namespace/expected.js
@@ -0,0 +1,23 @@
+(function (global, factory) {
+  if (typeof define === "function" && define.amd) {
+    define("my custom module name", ["exports"], factory);
+  } else if (typeof exports !== "undefined") {
+    factory(exports);
+  } else {
+    var mod = {
+      exports: {}
+    };
+    factory(mod.exports);
+    global.foo = global.foo || {};
+    global.foo.bar = global.foo.bar || {};
+    global.foo.bar.baz = global.foo.bar.baz || {};
+    global.foo.bar.baz.qux = mod.exports;
+  }
+})(this, function (_exports) {
+  "use strict";
+
+  _exports.__esModule = true;
+  _exports.default = void 0;
+  var _default = 42;
+  _exports.default = _default;
+});
diff --git a/packages/babel-plugin-transform-modules-umd/test/fixtures/loose/module-id-with-overridden-global-in-very-nested-namespace/options.json b/packages/babel-plugin-transform-modules-umd/test/fixtures/loose/module-id-with-overridden-global-in-very-nested-namespace/options.json
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..cfe7588ad5
--- /dev/null
+++ b/packages/babel-plugin-transform-modules-umd/test/fixtures/loose/module-id-with-overridden-global-in-very-nested-namespace/options.json
@@ -0,0 +1,13 @@
+{
+  "plugins": [
+    "external-helpers",
+    ["transform-modules-umd", {
+      "globals": {
+        "my custom module name": "foo.bar.baz.qux"
+      },
+      "exactGlobals": true,
+      "loose": true
+    }]
+  ],
+  "moduleId": "my custom module name"
+}
diff --git a/packages/babel-plugin-transform-modules-umd/test/fixtures/loose/module-id-with-overridden-global/actual.js b/packages/babel-plugin-transform-modules-umd/test/fixtures/loose/module-id-with-overridden-global/actual.js
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..7a4e8a723a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/packages/babel-plugin-transform-modules-umd/test/fixtures/loose/module-id-with-overridden-global/actual.js
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+export default 42;
diff --git a/packages/babel-plugin-transform-modules-umd/test/fixtures/loose/module-id-with-overridden-global/expected.js b/packages/babel-plugin-transform-modules-umd/test/fixtures/loose/module-id-with-overridden-global/expected.js
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..e643ca1729
--- /dev/null
+++ b/packages/babel-plugin-transform-modules-umd/test/fixtures/loose/module-id-with-overridden-global/expected.js
@@ -0,0 +1,20 @@
+(function (global, factory) {
+  if (typeof define === "function" && define.amd) {
+    define("my custom module name", ["exports"], factory);
+  } else if (typeof exports !== "undefined") {
+    factory(exports);
+  } else {
+    var mod = {
+      exports: {}
+    };
+    factory(mod.exports);
+    global.baz = mod.exports;
+  }
+})(this, function (_exports) {
+  "use strict";
+
+  _exports.__esModule = true;
+  _exports.default = void 0;
+  var _default = 42;
+  _exports.default = _default;
+});
diff --git a/packages/babel-plugin-transform-modules-umd/test/fixtures/loose/module-id-with-overridden-global/options.json b/packages/babel-plugin-transform-modules-umd/test/fixtures/loose/module-id-with-overridden-global/options.json
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..cb7f46a5ca
--- /dev/null
+++ b/packages/babel-plugin-transform-modules-umd/test/fixtures/loose/module-id-with-overridden-global/options.json
@@ -0,0 +1,13 @@
+{
+  "plugins": [
+    "external-helpers",
+    ["transform-modules-umd", {
+      "globals": {
+        "my custom module name": "baz"
+      },
+      "exactGlobals": true,
+      "loose": true
+    }]
+  ],
+  "moduleId": "my custom module name"
+}
diff --git a/packages/babel-plugin-transform-modules-umd/test/fixtures/loose/module-id/actual.js b/packages/babel-plugin-transform-modules-umd/test/fixtures/loose/module-id/actual.js
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..f3b473756e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/packages/babel-plugin-transform-modules-umd/test/fixtures/loose/module-id/actual.js
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+foobar();
diff --git a/packages/babel-plugin-transform-modules-umd/test/fixtures/loose/module-id/expected.js b/packages/babel-plugin-transform-modules-umd/test/fixtures/loose/module-id/expected.js
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..2e8e731219
--- /dev/null
+++ b/packages/babel-plugin-transform-modules-umd/test/fixtures/loose/module-id/expected.js
@@ -0,0 +1,17 @@
+(function (global, factory) {
+  if (typeof define === "function" && define.amd) {
+    define("MyLib", [], factory);
+  } else if (typeof exports !== "undefined") {
+    factory();
+  } else {
+    var mod = {
+      exports: {}
+    };
+    factory();
+    global.MyLib = mod.exports;
+  }
+})(this, function () {
+  "use strict";
+
+  foobar();
+});
diff --git a/packages/babel-plugin-transform-modules-umd/test/fixtures/loose/module-id/options.json b/packages/babel-plugin-transform-modules-umd/test/fixtures/loose/module-id/options.json
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..bf41ea5a3f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/packages/babel-plugin-transform-modules-umd/test/fixtures/loose/module-id/options.json
@@ -0,0 +1,7 @@
+{
+  "moduleId": "MyLib",
+  "plugins": [
+    "external-helpers",
+    ["transform-modules-umd", { "loose": true }]
+  ]
+}
diff --git a/packages/babel-plugin-transform-modules-umd/test/fixtures/loose/module-name-with-overridden-global/actual.js b/packages/babel-plugin-transform-modules-umd/test/fixtures/loose/module-name-with-overridden-global/actual.js
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..7a4e8a723a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/packages/babel-plugin-transform-modules-umd/test/fixtures/loose/module-name-with-overridden-global/actual.js
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+export default 42;
diff --git a/packages/babel-plugin-transform-modules-umd/test/fixtures/loose/module-name-with-overridden-global/expected.js b/packages/babel-plugin-transform-modules-umd/test/fixtures/loose/module-name-with-overridden-global/expected.js
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..a09e819fb0
--- /dev/null
+++ b/packages/babel-plugin-transform-modules-umd/test/fixtures/loose/module-name-with-overridden-global/expected.js
@@ -0,0 +1,20 @@
+(function (global, factory) {
+  if (typeof define === "function" && define.amd) {
+    define("loose/module-name-with-overridden-global/expected", ["exports"], factory);
+  } else if (typeof exports !== "undefined") {
+    factory(exports);
+  } else {
+    var mod = {
+      exports: {}
+    };
+    factory(mod.exports);
+    global.looseModuleNameWithOverriddenGlobalExpected = mod.exports;
+  }
+})(this, function (_exports) {
+  "use strict";
+
+  _exports.__esModule = true;
+  _exports.default = void 0;
+  var _default = 42;
+  _exports.default = _default;
+});
diff --git a/packages/babel-plugin-transform-modules-umd/test/fixtures/loose/module-name-with-overridden-global/options.json b/packages/babel-plugin-transform-modules-umd/test/fixtures/loose/module-name-with-overridden-global/options.json
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..83141a3a9b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/packages/babel-plugin-transform-modules-umd/test/fixtures/loose/module-name-with-overridden-global/options.json
@@ -0,0 +1,13 @@
+{
+  "plugins": [
+    "external-helpers",
+    ["transform-modules-umd", {
+      "globals": {
+        "umd/module-name-with-overridden-global/expected": "baz"
+      },
+      "exactGlobals": true,
+      "loose": true
+    }]
+  ],
+  "moduleIds": true
+}
diff --git a/packages/babel-plugin-transform-modules-umd/test/fixtures/loose/module-name/actual.js b/packages/babel-plugin-transform-modules-umd/test/fixtures/loose/module-name/actual.js
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..f3b473756e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/packages/babel-plugin-transform-modules-umd/test/fixtures/loose/module-name/actual.js
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+foobar();
diff --git a/packages/babel-plugin-transform-modules-umd/test/fixtures/loose/module-name/expected.js b/packages/babel-plugin-transform-modules-umd/test/fixtures/loose/module-name/expected.js
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..cdbf7bc9a3
--- /dev/null
+++ b/packages/babel-plugin-transform-modules-umd/test/fixtures/loose/module-name/expected.js
@@ -0,0 +1,17 @@
+(function (global, factory) {
+  if (typeof define === "function" && define.amd) {
+    define("loose/module-name/expected", [], factory);
+  } else if (typeof exports !== "undefined") {
+    factory();
+  } else {
+    var mod = {
+      exports: {}
+    };
+    factory();
+    global.looseModuleNameExpected = mod.exports;
+  }
+})(this, function () {
+  "use strict";
+
+  foobar();
+});
diff --git a/packages/babel-plugin-transform-modules-umd/test/fixtures/loose/module-name/options.json b/packages/babel-plugin-transform-modules-umd/test/fixtures/loose/module-name/options.json
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..050e3555fd
--- /dev/null
+++ b/packages/babel-plugin-transform-modules-umd/test/fixtures/loose/module-name/options.json
@@ -0,0 +1,7 @@
+{
+  "moduleIds": true,
+  "plugins": [
+    "external-helpers",
+    ["transform-modules-umd", { "loose": true }]
+  ]
+}
diff --git a/packages/babel-plugin-transform-modules-umd/test/fixtures/loose/non-default-imports/actual.js b/packages/babel-plugin-transform-modules-umd/test/fixtures/loose/non-default-imports/actual.js
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..f6c94daa70
--- /dev/null
+++ b/packages/babel-plugin-transform-modules-umd/test/fixtures/loose/non-default-imports/actual.js
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+import { render } from "./lib/render";
diff --git a/packages/babel-plugin-transform-modules-umd/test/fixtures/loose/non-default-imports/expected.js b/packages/babel-plugin-transform-modules-umd/test/fixtures/loose/non-default-imports/expected.js
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..cd795edd21
--- /dev/null
+++ b/packages/babel-plugin-transform-modules-umd/test/fixtures/loose/non-default-imports/expected.js
@@ -0,0 +1,15 @@
+(function (global, factory) {
+  if (typeof define === "function" && define.amd) {
+    define(["./lib/render"], factory);
+  } else if (typeof exports !== "undefined") {
+    factory(require("./lib/render"));
+  } else {
+    var mod = {
+      exports: {}
+    };
+    factory(global.render);
+    global.actual = mod.exports;
+  }
+})(this, function (_render) {
+  "use strict";
+});
diff --git a/packages/babel-plugin-transform-modules-umd/test/fixtures/loose/options.json b/packages/babel-plugin-transform-modules-umd/test/fixtures/loose/options.json
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..5adcd9509c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/packages/babel-plugin-transform-modules-umd/test/fixtures/loose/options.json
@@ -0,0 +1,6 @@
+{
+  "plugins": [
+    "external-helpers",
+    ["transform-modules-umd", { "loose": true }]
+  ]
+}
diff --git a/packages/babel-plugin-transform-modules-umd/test/fixtures/loose/override-export-name/actual.js b/packages/babel-plugin-transform-modules-umd/test/fixtures/loose/override-export-name/actual.js
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..7a4e8a723a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/packages/babel-plugin-transform-modules-umd/test/fixtures/loose/override-export-name/actual.js
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+export default 42;
diff --git a/packages/babel-plugin-transform-modules-umd/test/fixtures/loose/override-export-name/expected.js b/packages/babel-plugin-transform-modules-umd/test/fixtures/loose/override-export-name/expected.js
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..841f330f58
--- /dev/null
+++ b/packages/babel-plugin-transform-modules-umd/test/fixtures/loose/override-export-name/expected.js
@@ -0,0 +1,20 @@
+(function (global, factory) {
+  if (typeof define === "function" && define.amd) {
+    define(["exports"], factory);
+  } else if (typeof exports !== "undefined") {
+    factory(exports);
+  } else {
+    var mod = {
+      exports: {}
+    };
+    factory(mod.exports);
+    global.baz = mod.exports;
+  }
+})(this, function (_exports) {
+  "use strict";
+
+  _exports.__esModule = true;
+  _exports.default = void 0;
+  var _default = 42;
+  _exports.default = _default;
+});
diff --git a/packages/babel-plugin-transform-modules-umd/test/fixtures/loose/override-export-name/options.json b/packages/babel-plugin-transform-modules-umd/test/fixtures/loose/override-export-name/options.json
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..4ca1bb3aaa
--- /dev/null
+++ b/packages/babel-plugin-transform-modules-umd/test/fixtures/loose/override-export-name/options.json
@@ -0,0 +1,12 @@
+{
+  "plugins": [
+    "external-helpers",
+    ["transform-modules-umd", {
+      "globals": {
+        "actual": "baz"
+      },
+      "exactGlobals": true,
+      "loose": true
+    }]
+  ]
+}
diff --git a/packages/babel-plugin-transform-modules-umd/test/fixtures/loose/override-import-name/actual.js b/packages/babel-plugin-transform-modules-umd/test/fixtures/loose/override-import-name/actual.js
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..232f138e46
--- /dev/null
+++ b/packages/babel-plugin-transform-modules-umd/test/fixtures/loose/override-import-name/actual.js
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+import "es6-promise";
diff --git a/packages/babel-plugin-transform-modules-umd/test/fixtures/loose/override-import-name/expected.js b/packages/babel-plugin-transform-modules-umd/test/fixtures/loose/override-import-name/expected.js
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..e184b8fef3
--- /dev/null
+++ b/packages/babel-plugin-transform-modules-umd/test/fixtures/loose/override-import-name/expected.js
@@ -0,0 +1,15 @@
+(function (global, factory) {
+  if (typeof define === "function" && define.amd) {
+    define(["es6-promise"], factory);
+  } else if (typeof exports !== "undefined") {
+    factory(require("es6-promise"));
+  } else {
+    var mod = {
+      exports: {}
+    };
+    factory(global.Promise);
+    global.actual = mod.exports;
+  }
+})(this, function (_es6Promise) {
+  "use strict";
+});
diff --git a/packages/babel-plugin-transform-modules-umd/test/fixtures/loose/override-import-name/options.json b/packages/babel-plugin-transform-modules-umd/test/fixtures/loose/override-import-name/options.json
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..b6bc2d2586
--- /dev/null
+++ b/packages/babel-plugin-transform-modules-umd/test/fixtures/loose/override-import-name/options.json
@@ -0,0 +1,11 @@
+{
+  "plugins": [
+    "external-helpers",
+    ["transform-modules-umd", {
+      "globals": {
+        "es6-promise": "Promise"
+      },
+      "loose": true
+    }]
+  ]
+}
diff --git a/packages/babel-plugin-transform-modules-umd/test/fixtures/loose/overview/actual.js b/packages/babel-plugin-transform-modules-umd/test/fixtures/loose/overview/actual.js
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..af793598fa
--- /dev/null
+++ b/packages/babel-plugin-transform-modules-umd/test/fixtures/loose/overview/actual.js
@@ -0,0 +1,16 @@
+import "foo";
+import "foo-bar";
+import "./directory/foo-bar";
+import foo from "foo";
+import * as foo2 from "foo";
+import {bar} from "foo";
+import {foo as bar2} from "foo";
+
+var test;
+export {test};
+export var test2 = 5;
+
+export default test;
+
+bar;
+bar2;
diff --git a/packages/babel-plugin-transform-modules-umd/test/fixtures/loose/overview/expected.js b/packages/babel-plugin-transform-modules-umd/test/fixtures/loose/overview/expected.js
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..a5b4274cc6
--- /dev/null
+++ b/packages/babel-plugin-transform-modules-umd/test/fixtures/loose/overview/expected.js
@@ -0,0 +1,27 @@
+(function (global, factory) {
+  if (typeof define === "function" && define.amd) {
+    define(["exports", "foo", "foo-bar", "./directory/foo-bar"], factory);
+  } else if (typeof exports !== "undefined") {
+    factory(exports, require("foo"), require("foo-bar"), require("./directory/foo-bar"));
+  } else {
+    var mod = {
+      exports: {}
+    };
+    factory(mod.exports, global.foo, global.fooBar, global.fooBar);
+    global.actual = mod.exports;
+  }
+})(this, function (_exports, foo2, _fooBar, _fooBar2) {
+  "use strict";
+
+  _exports.__esModule = true;
+  _exports.default = _exports.test2 = _exports.test = void 0;
+  foo2 = babelHelpers.interopRequireWildcard(foo2);
+  var test;
+  _exports.test = test;
+  var test2 = 5;
+  _exports.test2 = test2;
+  var _default = test;
+  _exports.default = _default;
+  foo2.bar;
+  foo2.foo;
+});
diff --git a/packages/babel-plugin-transform-modules-umd/test/fixtures/loose/remap/actual.js b/packages/babel-plugin-transform-modules-umd/test/fixtures/loose/remap/actual.js
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..f5cf475bec
--- /dev/null
+++ b/packages/babel-plugin-transform-modules-umd/test/fixtures/loose/remap/actual.js
@@ -0,0 +1,21 @@
+export var test = 2;
+test = 5;
+test++;
+
+(function () {
+  var test = 2;
+  test = 3;
+  test++;
+})();
+
+var a = 2;
+export { a };
+a = 3;
+
+var b = 2;
+export { b as c };
+b = 3;
+
+var d = 3;
+export { d as e, d as f };
+d = 4;
diff --git a/packages/babel-plugin-transform-modules-umd/test/fixtures/loose/remap/expected.js b/packages/babel-plugin-transform-modules-umd/test/fixtures/loose/remap/expected.js
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..402874c60b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/packages/babel-plugin-transform-modules-umd/test/fixtures/loose/remap/expected.js
@@ -0,0 +1,38 @@
+(function (global, factory) {
+  if (typeof define === "function" && define.amd) {
+    define(["exports"], factory);
+  } else if (typeof exports !== "undefined") {
+    factory(exports);
+  } else {
+    var mod = {
+      exports: {}
+    };
+    factory(mod.exports);
+    global.actual = mod.exports;
+  }
+})(this, function (_exports) {
+  "use strict";
+
+  _exports.__esModule = true;
+  _exports.f = _exports.e = _exports.c = _exports.a = _exports.test = void 0;
+  var test = 2;
+  _exports.test = test;
+  _exports.test = test = 5;
+  _exports.test = test = test + 1;
+
+  (function () {
+    var test = 2;
+    test = 3;
+    test++;
+  })();
+
+  var a = 2;
+  _exports.a = a;
+  _exports.a = a = 3;
+  var b = 2;
+  _exports.c = b;
+  _exports.c = b = 3;
+  var d = 3;
+  _exports.f = _exports.e = d;
+  _exports.f = _exports.e = d = 4;
+});